曩昔分词作状语
一．曩昔分词作状语的根本用法：
曩昔分词作状语主如果解释谓语动作产生的布景或前提;暗示原因.时光.前提.妥协.方法或陪同情形等.曩昔分词可置于主句前,也可置于主句后,用逗号与主句离隔.
1. 原因状语
Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了,几乎不克不及呼吸了.
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了.
Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓,那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间.
2. 时光状语
Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤单地留在房间里时,婴儿哭了起来.
Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时,班长说这是他的职责.
Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑阴郁走
近时.那些电灯显得孤单而无意义.
3. 前提状语
Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 假如从这个角度看,问题其实不像人们一般预感的那样`轻微.
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 假如种在肥饶的泥土里,这些种子能长得很快.
Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 如果多加留意,那次变乱就能防止了.
Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 假如多浇点水,这些大白菜还可以长的得更好.
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你比拟,我们还有很大的差距.
4. 方法或陪同状语
Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位传授在学生的分散下,兴致勃勃地坐在那儿.
He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那边,被激动得热泪盈眶.
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位白叟在老婆的搀扶下,走进了房间.
5. 妥协状语
Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of
nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警员的殴打,被投入牢狱,甘地却开创了非暴力抵抗的原则.
Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败,但他没有泄气.
Waited by others for over half an hour, he didn’t turn up at the meeting. 尽管他人等了他半个多小时,他照样没有到会.
6.自力成份（拔出语）
Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening. 假如气象好,我们的船将于礼拜一晚上到达上海.
I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance. 假如有机遇,我就到纽约来看你.
Generally speaking, people all believe what he has said. 一般说来,人们都信任他所说的.
二．如今分词与曩昔分词作状语的差别
1.逻辑关系
如今分词作状语与曩昔分词作状语的最重要差别在于：两者与所润饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的差别.
1） 如今分词作状语时,如今分词所暗示的动作与句子主语之间组成逻辑上的自动关系.
He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门顺手关上.
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 因为不知若何办是好,他去找怙恃辅佐.
2） 曩昔分词作状语时,曩昔分词所暗示的动作与句子主语之间组成逻辑上的自动关系.
Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 假如多给这个孩子一些勉励,他本来会表示得更好.
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在碰到艰苦时,我们必须设法战胜.
3） 部分曩昔分词起源于系表构造,作状语时不暗示“自动关系”,其前不必being.如许的
曩昔分词及短语罕有的有：lost in（陷入某种状况）.seated（坐着的）.hidden（躲着）.stationed（驻扎）.lost/absorbed（沉溺于）. born in（出身于）.dressed in（穿着）.tired of（腻烦了）等.
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思虑中,所以他没有听到谁人声音.
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个俏丽的小镇,他不肯分开它.
2．时光概念
曩昔分词所暗示的动作产生在谓语动作之前,或暗示“一种状况”,与谓语动作同时产生或消失.
如今分词的一般式(doing)暗示的动作与谓语动作同时产生或在措辞时正在进行;如今分词的完成式(having done)暗示产生在谓语动作之前的一个“自动”动作;如今分词的完成式的自动式(having been done)常和暗示次数的短语实时光段(for+一段时光)连用,暗示产生在谓语动作之前的一个“自动动作”,这种情形下不克不及用曩昔分词调换,其它情形下平日被曩昔分词所调换,使句式更简练.
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他细心念书时,发明了一些从前不知道的器械.
Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了功课,他就回家了.
Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几回评论辩论后,终于做出了决议.
留意：一般来说,不管是动词不定式作状语.ing分词做状语,照样动词的曩昔分词作状语,其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语.但是,有一些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来,成为单独的短语,在句子中作状语.如：
(1) exactly / honestly / frankly / generally speaking, 精确地说不曩昔/ 说谎地说 / 坦白地说 / 一般说来.如：
Exactly speaking, he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 精确地说,今天凌晨他是十八点十四分来到这里的.
Generally speaking, a snake won’t attack a man unless it is bothered. 一般说来,蛇是不会进击人的除非你搪突了它.
(2) judging from / by... 从 / 依据某器械断定
Judging by his accent, he is from Hunan. 从他的口音来断定,他是湖南人.
Judging from what he said, he is very honest. 从他所说的话来断定,它是很说谎的.
(3) providing / provided …假如 / 假如
Providing he follows our advice, we can help him. 如果他按我们的建议去做,我们就能帮忙他.
Provided he is free, he is sure to come. 假如他有空,他确定会来.
(4) considering... 斟酌到
Considering he was just a little boy, we didn’t punish him. 斟酌到他还只是一个小孩,我们就没有奖励他了.
Considering it was late, we didn’t discuss the question. 斟酌到时光不早了,我们就没有评论辩论这个问题了.
(5) thinking of... 想到 / 斟酌到
Thinking of the environment we live in, the waste can’t be thrown away around directly. 斟酌到我们所生计的情形,废料不克不及直接到处乱扔.
(6) talking of... 谈到 / 说到
Talking of math, he became excited. 谈到数学,他就高兴起来了.
此外,还有短语：taking...into consideration 把某事斟酌进去;calculating roughly, 粗略地盘算;supposing... 假定;to tell you the truth 真话告知你;to be frank 坦白地说;to begin with 起首要做的是;so to speak 可以这么说;taken as a whole 从整体上来看;put frankly, 坦白地说;given that 鉴于等.
