高级英语视听说2参

I 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelistening B 1 census ribution

6 made up of 7 comprises 8 relatively progressively 9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate 11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancy

D 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10 f 4% g 1990 h 40% i 3/4 j 33.1%

2 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4

II First Listening

ST1 population by race and origin ST2 geographical distribution ST3 age and sex

III Postlistening

A 1. People’s Republic of China, India 2. 281 mill

3. Hispanics(12.5%) 4. Texas

5. the South and the West 6. 20%

7. by more than 5 million 8. about 6 years 9. 2.2 years

10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancy

Chapter 2: Immigration: Past and Present PRELISTENING

B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts immigrated

natural disasters/ droughts/ famines persecution settlers/ colonists stages

widespread unemployment scarcity

expanding/ citizens failure decrease

limited quotas steadily trend

skills/ unskilled

D Notetaking Preparation Dates: Teens and Tens 1850 1951 The 1840s From 10 to 1930 Between 1750 and 1850 1776 1882 1329 1860

From approximately 1830 to 1930

Language Conventions: Countries and Nationalities Country France Germany People French Germans Scotland; Ireland Great Britain Denmark Norway Sweden Greece Italy Spain Portugal China Philippines Mexico India Russia Poland Scotch-Irish Britons: the British Danes Norwegians Swedes Greeks Italian Spanish Portuguese Chinese Filipinos Mexicans Indians Russians Poles The Scandinavian countries are Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.

LISTENING First Listening

Major Subtopics

ST1 the Great Immigration

ST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it ended ST3 immigration situation in the United States today

POSTLISTENING A. Accuracy Check colonists or settlers

Dutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, Blacks The third, 10-1930

Southern Europe and Eastern Europe

The population doubled, there was widespread unemployment, and there was a scarcity of farmland

free land, plentiful jobs, and freedom from religious and political persecution

the failure of the potato crop in Ireland

laws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression, and World War Ⅱ

They are largely non-European.

Industry doesn’t need a large number of unskilled workers。

Chapter 3 American Trademarks

I B 1 statistics

2 goods producing / service 3 stricter / illegal 4 per capita

5 benefits / health insurance 6 wages / workweek 7 romanticize 8 study / productive 9 rising / opposite 10 outproduce 11 stressed 12 matched 13 stagnated 14 CEOs / profits 15 unions / favor

D a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4

Ⅱ A ST1 a historical look at work in America ST2 how U.S. workers are doing today

Ⅲ A 1 38% 2 3%

3 service industries 4 19% in 1900; 60% in 1999 5 ＄4,200 in 1900; ＄33,700 in 1999 6 health insurance 7 U.S. workers

8 They are less stressed (more vacation weeks) 9 No

10 to CEOs, the stock market, and corporate profits

Chapter 4 Family in the United States

Ⅰ.PRELISTENING

B.Vocabulary and Key Concepts 1.disintegrating 2.domestic role 3.nature/drastically 4.sensitive barometer 5.predominant configuration 6.commitment/reverence

7.conformity/gender 8.lack/liberation 9.self-fulfillment 10.cohabiting couples 11.tripled/quadruppled 12.decline/initial 13.balance/individualism 14.flexible/on-site 15.mandate/allowances

D.Notetaking Preparation 2.Rhetorical Cues a.2 b.5 c.3 d.1 e.4

Ⅱ. LISTENING Major Subtopics

ST1 traditional familism: mid-1940s to mid-1960s ST2 period of individualism: mid-1960s to mid-1980s

ST3 the new familism: mid-1980s to present

Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING Accuracy Check No, they aren’t.

declining birth rates, rising divorce rates, discontent of women with domestic role

a married couple with children It’s closer to self-reliance.

sexual revolution, women’s liberation., and the movement against the Vietnam War

the idealization of career and the drive for self-expression and self-fulfillment

Single-parent families tripled; cohabiting couples quadrupled. in the second period

commitment to family, equality of men and women, fulfillment quality day care, parental leave, family allowances

Chapter 5 Religion Ⅰ. PRELISTENING

B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts 1. mandatory

2. surve/Protestant 3. modernized 4. values 5. guaranteed 6. establishes 7. underestimated 8. role/played 9. decline/revival 10. conservative

11. controversial/politicized 12. phenomenon 13.secular/authoritarian D. Notetaking Preparation

1. Commonly Used Symbols and Abbreviations 1. pop. of China＞India＞U.S. 2. death rt. ＋ birth rt. → bin pop. 3. pop. in U.S. c.281mill.

4. some people imm. to U.S.∵ nat. disaster, e.g., droughts, famines

5. situation diff today ∴ people from Latin Am.+ Asia imm to U.S. >from Europe

6. After WWⅡ, most Am. Families still trad., i.e., w/ working father,

housewife, & children

7. Today many child. Raised w/o father in home Rhetorical Cues 2 4 1 3 5

Ⅱ. LISTENING First Listening

Major Subtopics ST1 facts and figures

ST2 United States compared to other modernized nations

ST3 increasing role of religion in U.S. politics particularly in recent years

Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING Accuracy Check

The media, e.g., television and movies, usually ignore this part of American culture

Protestants, 52%, Catholics, 24%

Immigrants to America came from many different countries and religious backgrounds.

the United States, 60%; Italy, 7%; France, 4% freedom of worship (religion)

that church and state must be kept separate conservative

the “rise of the religious right” abortion and prayer in public schools more secular

Chapter 6 Passages: Birth Marriage and Death Ⅰ. PRELISTENING

B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts 1. bewildering / ingrained 2. shower/ expectant 3. mother- to –be / pretext 4. expressions of envy / reassured 5. unheard of 6. banished / delivery 7. baptism

8. observed / fiancées 9. empowered / civil

10. bride / groom / superstitious 11. banned / hazardous

12. cremated 13. memorial / wake 14. eulogy / deceased 15. condolences / bereaved

Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING A. Accuracy Check

1. shortly before the baby is due

2. (1) baby showers not always a surprise, and (2) men sometimes attend 3. baptism 4. the bride’s family 5. a religious ceremony

6. something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue 7. the groom

8. in case of cremation 9. a sympathy card and flowers 10. white

Unit 7 Multiculturalism

Prelistening B.

1.skeptically/homogeneous 2.deny/impact 3.melting/metaphor 4.alloy/myth

5.excluded/discrimination 6.viewed/prejudice 7.mosaic/autonomous 8.Intermarriage/adoption 9.implied/exception 10.inherit/absorb

11.assimilation/generation 12.fragmentation/proponents 13.dominant/reflects 14.Opponents/Latinos D.

2. a. however; on the other hand b. In fact; c. For instance

d. however; nevertheless e. Rather; Instead

f. On the other hand; However; Nevertheless g. furthermore; also

Listening A

Major subtopics

ST1 the monoculturalist view ST2 the multicultualist view ST3 the pluralistic view

Accuracy check No harder

the monoculturalist view

African, Asian,and Native Americans as well as each newly arrived group

the patchwork quilt No 17%

We inherit, absorb, and choose it

fragmentation or destruction of U.S.culture open to change

Chapter8 Crime and Violence in the United States

1 Prelistening

B Vocabulary and key concepts 1. violent/aggravated 2. enforcement/stringent 3. white-collar/embezzlement 4. aggressive/predisposed to 5 .to blame/shortcomings 6. root/proliferation 7. deprived of/strike out

8. underclass/disproportionatedly 9. curbs/socializing 10. values/compassion 11. conscience/bring up 12. punishment/deterrent 13. financiers/lacking 14. takes over/leads to

15. benefits/take for granted D Notetaking Preparation

1 Structuring

a Crime statistics match public’s perception of less crime b Three secondary support ideas

1 1994-2001:violent crime decreased 52% 2 possible reasons for decrease

3 statistics on white-collar crime(embezzlement, bribery, etc.)not as clear

c Two details for each point

1. 1994:51 victims per 1000/in 2001, 24 victims per 1000

2.stricter law enforcement in cities/ stringent penalties on repeat offenders

3 statistics hard to get and/ It doesn’t scare people

2 Rhetorical cues A 2 b5 c1 d6 e3 f4 @ Listening A first listening Major subtopics

ST1 liberal theory of crime

ST2conservative theory of crime

ST3 some solutions to the crime problem in the U.S

@Postlistening A Accuracy Check 1 52%

2 embezzlement, bribery, political corruption, and/or dangerous corporate policies

3 racism, poverty, and injustice 4No

5 the liberal theory

6 by giving them values, a conscience

7 socialization by the family and fear of punishment 8 They’ve enjoyed the benefits of society 9 good education, health care, and employment 10 conservative

Unit 9 Public Education: Philosophy and Funding

I PRELISTENING

B Vovabulary and Key Concepts

1 compulsory 2 secular

3 curriculum/standdardized 4 funds/handicapped 5 exercised locally 6 elected 7 fluctuates 8 a great degree 9 controversial

10 nonsectarian/compete 11 contract/accountable 12 supporters 13 opponents/violates

14 bill/ “adequate yearly progress”

D Notetaking Preparation 1 Structuring: Outlining ST1 Three levels of control A State department of education 1 sets basic curriculum 2 sets number of credits B School district

1 Numbers depend on size of population and state

2 Responsibilities

aSpecific content of courses B Decides electives C Operation of schools C Individual school 1 Teaches’responsilities A Dediding how to teach

B Preparing and giving examinations

2 Rhetorical Cues A1 B5 C4 D2 E6 F3

II LISTENING

A First Listening Major Subtopics

ST1 three levels of control

ST2 how funding contributes to local control ST3 three issues related to funding

III POSTLISTENING A Accuracy Check

1 no nationwide curriculum set by the government, no nationwide examination set by the government

2 state department of education, the school districts ,individual schools

3 basic curriculm requirements/a number of credits 4 they are elected by the citizens of a school district.

5 federal government-7%， stategovernment-49%,local school district-44%

6 religious organizations 7 nineteenth century 8 charter schools

9 private schools(usually religious schools)

10 as a dangerous step away from local control of schools

Chapter10

I Prelistening

B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts Postsecondary/community/coeducational accredited/standards prestigious/competitive transcript/standardized

extracurricular/ethnic background were enrolled

break down/proportions upgrade/skills

well versed/well informed lenient/transfer

D. 1. ST3 Community colleges differ from four-year colleges. A. Admissions requirements are much more lenient. 1. Enough to graduate from high school B. Cheaper to attend 1. Tuition and fees are lower 2. Most students live at home C. Two-year programs

1. Lead to A.A. degree

2. Many programs vocational but not all

Conclusion: Different purpose—some part-time for interest, others full-time prior to transfer

II. Listening

ST1. facts and figures

ST2. admissions requirements vary greatly

ST3. community colleges differ from four-year colleges ST4. makeup of student body

III. Postlistening A. Accuracy Check 4,182

from less than 100 to more than 50,000

from less than $5,000 to as much as 30 or 40 thousand dollars high school transcripts of grades and test results from a standardized exam such as the SAT GRE, GMAT, and/or LSAT

extracurricular activities, ethnic background, and/or work experience yes

Associate of Arts 65.2% 42.6%

Chapter 11 Distance Education

I.PRELISTENING

B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts 1. setting foot

2. instruction/separated 3. correspondence 4. accredited/community 5. upgrade/continuous 6. budget crunches 7. access/technology 8. modes/vary 9. via mail/download 10. residency 11. dropout/traditional 12. unscrupulous/alluring 13. credentials

D. Notetaking Preparation 1. Deciphering Notes

1. No, many distance education programs have residency requirements.

2. No, admission requirements are the same as for on-campus programs.

3. Three examples of computer requirements that online study might require are the latest version of Windows, a microphone and a modem.(Answers may vary. )

4. Students are more likely to complete traditional programs than distance education programs. (Dropout rate is higher for distance education.) 2.Rhetorical Cues a.2 b.5 c.1 d.6 e.3 f.4 II.LISTENING First Listening Major Subtopics

ST1 reasons why distance education is growing so rapidly ST2 how distance education works, that is, what the modes of delivery are

ST3 some things people considering distance education need to be aware of

III.POSTISTENING Accuracy check by time and by distance by correspondence(by mail) 12 90%

at the same time (Answers may vary.) No(There are time limits) No(There are about the same) cable modem, DSL

No(The dropout rate is higher for distance courses and programs.)

Unit 12 The Role of Government in the Economy

I.PRELISTENING

B.Vocabulary and Key Concepts 1.ownership/property 2.free enterprise 3.interfere/laissez-faire 4.contracts/national defense

5.control/comply with

6.income/public assistance/welfare 7.competitive/antitrust/monopoly 8.stability 9.taxation/inflation 10.unemployment/balance 11.expenditures/interest 12.conservative/favor 13.static/composition D. Notetaking Preparation 1.Prelecture Reading

a.No.They were suspicious of strong central government. b.The Confederation was unable to solve many problems facing the new nation and needed a stronger central government. c.None. In a laissez-faire economy, the government does not interfere with the economy.

d.The government imposed an income tax for the first time. After the Civil War, the government had money for internal improvements to the country.

e.The government usually took the side of big business.

f.It provided employment for large numbers of unemployed people and welfare for others, and instituted the Security system.

2. Rhetorical Cues

a.4 b.5 c.1 d.7 e.2 f.6 g.3 II. Listening First Listening Major Subtopics

ST1 to protect the environment ST2 to help people

ST3 to keep the marketplace competitive ST4 to maintain economic stability III.POSTLISTENING Accuracy Check

songs,poems,books,inventions

The freedom to produce, buy, and sell goods and labor without government intervention.

laws governing contracts and property rights; national defense; and providing sunch things as roads and canals. greater to protect it

They are too young, old, or sick a good thing

the telephone company [AT&T]

taxation,expenditure,and controlling the interest rate on money it

lends to businesses It raises it

Unit 13 Government by Constitution

I.PRELISTENING

B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts (Script) 1.division/checks/balances 2.branches/legislative/judicial 3.enacting/enforced

4.accused of breaking/legal dispute 5.trials/consistent with 6.tasks/abuse 7.power of veto 8.override/put an end to 9.suspected/resigned 10.unconstitutional/legal

11.civil rights/racial discrimination 12.desegregation

13.nominates a candidate/approve 14.balance of power

D. Notetaking Preparation 1.Prelecture Reading

a.Judicial review is the power of the judicial branch of government to examine and determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the legislative branch.

b.No, it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. The Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution to mean that it had this power in a famous case, Marbury v.Madison, in 1803. c. Britain

d. They exercise it less frequently. Although both countries have provisions for judicial review, they are reluctant to use it. II.LISTENING First Listening

Model Organization There branches of government Principles of the Constitution Division of powers Checks and balances 1.(exanples) 2.(etc.)

III.POSTLISTENING Accuracy Check

It’s the oldest constitution that has been in continuous use. [It has been in continuous use for over 200 years.] executive,legislative, and judicial

to see that laws enacted by Congress are carried out [executed] the president

Each branch fo the government has a way to check,or control,one of the other branches of government.

If the president vetoes a law, he refuses to sign it. He usually has put an end to the law

by investigating what it considers to be possible illegal activities of the executive branch

He might have been removed from office.

Although the president nominates candidates to the Supreme Court, Congress must approve his selections.

Chapter14 Common Law and the Jury System

I PRELISTENING

B. vocabulary and key concepts 1 guilty/unjustly

2 innocent until proven guilty 3 code of laws

4 common law/precedents 5 testimony/verdict 6 private parties

7 compensatory/punitive damages 8 “beyond a reasonable doubt” 9 convicted

10 irrelevant/evidence/admissible 11 hung

12 pleads guilty/lesser crime D Notetaking preparation 1 prelecture reading A no

B Mary Beth Whitehead-Gould C 2 D no

E Because of the nature of the law, courts will be obligated to base future decisions on decisions made in this case. 2 courtroom language A court reporter B judge C witness D jury

E bailiff F defendant G plaintiff/prosecutor H courtroom clerk III POSTLISTENING A accuracy check

1 innocent until proven guilty 2 British common law 3 6-12 4 a jury 5 civil 6 criminal

7 to see that the trial is conducted according to law

8 to decide whether they believe the testimony they hear and whether the evidence presented to them is valid 9 about 80﹪

10 because it’s difficult to prove people are guilty and because trails are so expensive to conduct.