5b-8a

5b

Measuring performance(一)

Objectives: To learn to talk about company performance 学习描述公司业绩

To practise listening for gist and for specific information 练习听清重要信息

To review the present perfect and past simple 复习现在完成时和一般过去时的用法

To practise talking about reasons and consequences 练习表达事情发生的原因和结果 Measuring performance Listening 1

Great eastern Railways was bought by FirstGroup as part of the privatisation process of UK railways. The company has now changed its name to First Great Eastern. The rail company is privatised and needs to attract investment.

What kinds of criteria you would use to judge a railway company.

e.g. cleanliness, efficiency, ticket price, punctuality, reliability, safety and good service.

Are there any different and additional criteria for a possible investors?

e.g., high and growing volume of business, low costs and high profits, market potential) Vocabulary

First Great Eastern第一大东方公司（英国一家私营铁路运输公司） Railtrack路轨公司（英国一家铁路私营公司）

private rail company operate 运营

communications manager make a presentation 作报告，介绍 possible investor privatisation huge success national railway network

draw your attention information brochure bar chart 柱状图passenger revenue

reduced costs and more efficient sales practices 做法 result in customer satisfaction 客户满意度

reliability and punctuality record 记录 further investment

Grammar3

Suggested answers:

an action at an unfinished or indefinite time

Punctuality has continued to improve this year.

a situation that has started in the past and is still continuing

„ has only been a private company since it was bought by FirstGroup .. in 1997. they have affected the company since 1993 „ „ in 1995 where it has remained „

an action that happened at a definite time in the past was bought by FirstGroup „ in 1997.

In the years before privatisation, the company made a lot of changes„ „ growth slowed from 2.4% in the 1993/94„ „resulted in growth reaching ,,, in 1995/96 „was followed by 7% in 1996/97.

Reliability improved steadily „ in 1995 „ Punctuality „ rose steadily „ in 1995„ „punctuality improved in 1997 „

a change that affects the present situation „have made a big difference financially „ „has improved customer satisfaction „

Now write descriptions in the correct groups below.

Present perfect Past simple

unfinished or indefinite time definite time in the past started in the past and still continuing change that affects the present situation For and since

介词for 与表示时期的时间名词如days（天），months（月）和 years（年）连用，例如： I’ve worked here for three months now. 目前我已经在这里工作三个月了。

介词 since与表示时间起点的词如Monday（周一）， July （七月），1996（1996年）连用，例如：

We’ve lived here since 1995. 我们从1995年起就住在这里。

介词for与since都可以引导时间状语，for通常加时间名词表示时间的长度 “多久”。Since 表示从过去某一点开始的时段一直延续到说话时间

Listening2

Explaining results

Juliet Sharman finishes her presentation and the investors ask her questions. Listen and complete the notes below. Vocabulary

railway track lease 租借，租赁 penalty payments 罚金 future investment plans upgrading its stations 提高车站的情况 facilities 设施

information system and security improved reliability levels 改善的可靠性的水准 financial support passenger volumes 客流量 customer satisfaction Key:

Punctually in 1996?

Problems with the railway track, which belongs to another company called Railtrack. Investment plans:

Investing £9m in upgrading its stations and leasing new trains. Profits in the future:

the Government is going to give less and less money. Because, the biggest costs are fixed. the only way they can improve profits is by increasing passenger volumes. 2 Listen again and choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Reasons and consequences

The increase in competition resulted in a decrease in our market share. led to

Reason Result

The rise in distribution costs resulted from the increase in petrol prices. was due to

Result Reason

自出练习： The factory automation____________________an increase in productivity. The staff reductions__________________the factory automation. The large pay rises___________________a decrease in staff turnover.

The increase in sales costs______________the rise in spending on advertising. The big orders from Japan_____________a recovery in sales.

The shorter delivery times_____________the new distribution system. 1 led to/resulted in 2 resulted from/were due to 3 led to/resulted in 4 resulted from/was due to 5 led to/resulted in 6 resulted from/were due to

7a

Product description

Objectives: To learn to describe products in general terms 学习用一般性语言描述产品

To practise listening for specific information 练习听清关键信息

To review language for talking about dimensions and comparatives and superlatives

复习如何表示长、宽、高和重量以及形容词的比较级和最高级 To practise question formation 练习疑问句造句 Presenting a product Listening 1 Vocabulary:

selling point general knowledge game具有常识就可玩的游戏 version 板式，款型，版本 standard obviously magnetic gramme

retail board game board/dice单复同型/timer/cards/pieces棋子/counters筹码 mindtwist脑筋急转弯 standard version标准版 /mindtwist travel version 2 What are they talking about? Key:

1 general knowledge type of game

2 size, weight and cost differences between Mindtwist standard and travel versions 3 wood what the pieces are made of (material) in the standard version

4 23 * 23cm size/measurements of the Mindtwist Travel board 5 300 grammes total weight of Mindtwist Travel 6 ￡10.99 price of Mindtwist Travel

How to describe dimensions?

size, weight, cost, material

size weight cost material

smaller light-weight will retail at ￡17.99 wooden

measures 300 grammes made of coloured plastic 23cm square

size: big, small, long, short weight: heavy, light

cost: expensive, cheap, high, low nouns: length, height and weight Grammar 3

Suggested answers:

2 What are the differences between the standard and the travel version? 3 What are the playing pieces made of in the standard version? 4 How big is the board in the travel version?

What is the size of the board in the travel version? 5 How heavy is the travel version?

What is the weight of the board in the travel version? 6 How much will the travel version cost? What is the price of the travel version?

Describing a product

Vocabulary

basically stock存储 compact简洁的 complicated antique recommended retail price 建议零售价（RRP) discount Listening 2

1 Sophie orders both versions of Mindtwist. She is most interested in the travel version. 2 Answer the questions below.

1 Board games are selling better than ever before.

2 Mindtwist is Columbine’s newest board game. It is available in standard and travel versions. 3 None.

4 Their instructions.

5 She isn’t sure it will sell as well as the board games. Not everybody is interested in antiques. 6 It’s reasonable.

7 If she buys both versions, she can get a discount of 5%. 3 Key:

3 The instructions on Columbine games have become easier than before. 4 Collect is the smallest of the products that Robert shows Sophie. Collect is not as bid as other games.

5 Sophie’s customers will be more interested in Mindtwist than Collect. Sophie’s customers will be less interested in Collect than Mindtwist. Sophie’s customers won’t be as interested in Collect as mindtwist 6 Mindtwist Travel is less expensive than the standard version. Mindtwist Travel costs less than the standard version. Mindtwist travel isn’t as expensive as the standard version. Essential vocabulary 152

7a

Product description

Objectives: To learn to describe products in general terms 学习用一般性语言描述产品

To practise listening for specific information 练习听清关键信息

To review language for talking about dimensions and comparatives and superlatives

复习如何表示长、宽、高和重量以及形容词的比较级和最高级 To practise question formation 练习疑问句造句 Presenting a product Listening 1 Vocabulary:

selling point general knowledge game具有常识就可玩的游戏 version 板式，款型，版本 standard obviously magnetic gramme

retail board game board/dice单复同型/timer/cards/pieces棋子/counters筹码 mindtwist脑筋急转弯 standard version标准版 /mindtwist travel version 2 What are they talking about? Key:

1 general knowledge type of game

2 size, weight and cost differences between Mindtwist standard and travel versions 3 wood what the pieces are made of (material) in the standard

version

4 23 * 23cm size/measurements of the Mindtwist Travel board 5 300 grammes total weight of Mindtwist Travel 6 ￡10.99 price of Mindtwist Travel

How to describe dimensions?

size, weight, cost, material

size weight cost material

smaller light-weight will retail at ￡17.99 wooden measures 300 grammes made of coloured plastic 23cm square

size: big, small, long, short weight: heavy, light

cost: expensive, cheap, high, low nouns: length, height and weight Grammar 3

Suggested answers:

2 What are the differences between the standard and the travel version? 3 What are the playing pieces made of in the standard version? 4 How big is the board in the travel version?

What is the size of the board in the travel version? 5 How heavy is the travel version?

What is the weight of the board in the travel version? 6 How much will the travel version cost? What is the price of the travel version?

Describing a product

Vocabulary

basically stock存储 compact简洁的 complicated antique recommended retail price 建议零售价（RRP) discount Listening 2

1 Sophie orders both versions of Mindtwist. She is most interested in the travel version. 2 Answer the questions below.

1 Board games are selling better than ever before.

2 Mindtwist is Columbine’s newest board game. It is available in standard and travel versions. 3 None.

4 Their instructions.

5 She isn’t sure it will sell as well as the board games. Not everybody is interested in antiques. 6 It’s reasonable.

7 If she buys both versions, she can get a discount of 5%. 3 Key:

3 The instructions on Columbine games have become easier than before. 4 Collect is the smallest of the products that Robert shows Sophie. Collect is not as bid as other games.

5 Sophie’s customers will be more interested in Mindtwist than Collect. Sophie’s customers will be less interested in Collect than Mindtwist. Sophie’s customers won’t be as interested in Collect as mindtwist 6 Mindtwist Travel is less expensive than the standard version. Mindtwist Travel costs less than the standard version. Mindtwist travel isn’t as expensive as the standard version. Essential vocabulary 152

7b

Product development

Objectives: To learn to talk about product development 学习表述产品发展

To review sequencing words (first, after that etc) 复习表示顺序的词和词组

To review the present continuous and going to for future arrangements and intentions

复习现在进行时和be going to表示将来的安排和打算 Product testing

test/monitor监控/launch把产品推向市场/develop/animals

Reading 2 Key:

Laboratory People

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Test period 2 and a half yrs about 1 yr about 2 yrs about 3yrs Tested on Animals Fewer than 100 100-300 people 1,000-3,000 healthy people who suffer from people in the disease hospitals and clinics

Reason for To show how to test safety to see how well to monitor the Testing: the drug works the drugs works patient for the and its level of success of the safety drug and side-effects Vocabulary 4

Paragraph 2: There are four stages of „. First of all „ Then „

Paragraph 3: The first stage „ After that, „ The final stage „ While „ Paragraph 4: When „

Paragraph 5: When „, „finally „

Writing5

There are a number of stages in the drug development process. First of all, the company tests the new drug on animals. After that, the company tests the drug on healthy people to check safety. The drug is then tested on a small number of patients to see how well it works. Finally, the drug tested on a larger number of patients. While the company is testing the drug, it keeps a record of test results for the authorities. When the company has finished tests on humans, it applies to申请the authorities for approval. When the authorities approve the drug, the company can finally launch it. Marketing a product Vocabulary

Prescription药方 surgery information pack关于信息的小册子 poster 海报 leaflet 传单，

journalist = reporter = correspondent publicity （advertising）campaign 广告宣传攻势 chemist's 药店

Listening 1 Key: 1 Arthran.

2 For anyone who suffers from arthritis.

3 It will be available in hospitals or on prescription from doctors. 4 Tiredness.

5 There will be general information posters on display in doctor's waiting rooms and information leaflets for patients. 2 . Key:

1 send information packs to doctors (end of April)

2 visit doctors to talk about the product (beginning of May) 3 give posters to doctors ( a week before the launch) 4 launch the drug ( in 5 week's time - on 18 May)

5 give information leaflets to patients (just after the launch on 18 May) the use of the present continuous for future arrangements Essential vocabulary 152

7b

Product development

Objectives: To learn to talk about product development 学习表述产品发展

To review sequencing words (first, after that etc) 复习表示顺序的词和词组

To review the present continuous and going to for future arrangements and intentions

复习现在进行时和be going to表示将来的安排和打算 Product testing

test/monitor监控/launch把产品推向市场/develop/animals Speaking 1 Reading 2 Key:

Laboratory People

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Test period 2 and a half yrs about 1 yr about 2 yrs about 3yrs

Tested on Animals Fewer than 100 100-300 people 1,000-3,000 healthy people who suffer from people in the disease hospitals and clinics

Reason for To show how to test safety to see how well to monitor the Testing: the drug works the drugs works patient for the and its level of success of the safety drug and side-effects Vocabulary 4

Paragraph 2: There are four stages of „. First of all „ Then „

Paragraph 3: The first stage „ After that, „ The final stage „ While „ Paragraph 4: When „

Paragraph 5: When „, „finally „

Writing5

There are a number of stages in the drug development process. First of all, the company tests the new drug on animals. After that, the company tests the drug on healthy people to check safety. The drug is then tested on a small number of patients to see how well it works. Finally, the drug tested on a larger number of patients. While the company is testing the drug, it keeps a record of test results for the authorities. When the company has finished tests on humans, it applies to申请the authorities for approval. When the authorities approve the drug, the company can finally launch it. Marketing a product Vocabulary

Prescription药方 surgery information pack关于信息的小册子 poster 海报 leaflet 传单，

journalist = reporter = correspondent publicity （advertising）campaign 广告宣传攻势 chemist's 药店 Listening 1 Key: 1 Arthran.

2 For anyone who suffers from arthritis.

3 It will be available in hospitals or on prescription from doctors. 4 Tiredness.

5 There will be general information posters on display in doctor's waiting rooms

and information leaflets for patients. 2 . Key:

1 send information packs to doctors (end of April)

2 visit doctors to talk about the product (beginning of May) 3 give posters to doctors ( a week before the launch) 4 launch the drug ( in 5 week's time - on 18 May)

5 give information leaflets to patients (just after the launch on 18 May) the use of the present continuous for future arrangements Essential vocabulary 152

8a Businessequipment

Objectives: To learn to talk about business equipment To practise reading for specific information To review language for giving instructions and practise form-filling 办公文具、办公家具和办公设备：

office(computer) desk/chair, (book) shelf, (desk) lamp/anglepoise, file/folder, pencil holder,

(electric) pencil sharpener, typewriter, typing paper, printer paper打印纸, Sellotape胶带, stapler,

in tray/in box已收文件箱, out tray/out box已发文件箱, paper clip, wastepaper basket/bin, filing cabinet文件柜, stationery cupboard文具柜,

noticeboard提示牌, telephone switchboard电话总机, notepad活页本, notebook, message pad电话留言, desk diary工作日志,

headed paper有公司名称电话等的信纸, appointment diary, phone book/telephone directory/yellow pages,

(ball point) pen/Biro, rubber/eraser, elastic band/rubber band, staple, photocopier复印机, flip chart活页挂图,

calculator, laser/inkjet喷墨 printer, microphone, slide projector幻灯机, overhead projector(OHP)投影仪,

screen, video cassette recorder (VCR), digital video 数码摄像机digital camera,数码照相机

computer (PC)/VDU (visual display unit) /desktop/lap-top,

cassette(tape) recorder(player), board marker, answering machine电话应答机, window envelope,

franking machine加盖“邮资已付印证的自动邮资盖印机,

swivel chair旋转椅, carousel旋转式幻灯放映机 socket, remote control, lectern讲课用

的小讲台

Speaking4

Suggested answers:

1 James Clarkson should buy the Xerox. He works from home. A bigger machine may not be practical.

2 Eleanor Lewis should buy the Agfa. She works for a large company so the machine may need to make a large number of copies quickly.

3 David Hollingsworth should buy the Xerox. He only needs the copier for occasional use at home. Giving instructions 请听2遍录音 Listening 1

Instructions for use of shredder Possible problems What to do

The machine jams Press the red button. Remove the excess paper and start again. The motor overheats The machine switches off automatically. Leave it for 15-30 minutes before you switch on again. Caution!

Do not put your fingers into the shredder. Be careful with long hair and loose clothing. Essential vocabulary Page 152