英语简答题阅读练习及答案

　　Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needssomething. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it;the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shophas it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the dealcan be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slightproblems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case thesalesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required.No good salesman brings out such a substitute without least consideration ; he does so with skill and polish:“I know thisjacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It happens to be the color you mentioned.\" Few menhave patience with this treatment, and the usual response is:“This is the right color and may be the right size but I should bewasting my time and yours by trying it on.

　　Now how does a women go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her

shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a lookround\". She is always open to persuasion: indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by whatcompanions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something thateveryone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes.They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend anhour going from one rail to another, to and fro often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is atiresome process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands. 　　1. What does a man usually do when he is buying clothes?

　　2. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes? 　　3. What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants? 　　4. Many jokes make fun of women shoppers by saying that

　　5.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers? 　　Practice 2

　　Policemen, both in Britain and the United States, hardly recognize any likeness between their lives and what they seeon TV.

　　The first difference is that a policeman's real life centers round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has toknow exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as muchas a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, running down as alley after someone he wants totalk to.

　　He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportantpeople who are guilty or not of stupid, petty crimes.

　　Most television crime drama is about the criminal. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except invery serious cases like murders and terrorist attack where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have a well-designed machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. 　　Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has togather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case. So,as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses andpersuading them to help him.

　　A third big difference is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposingpressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality: secondly, as expensive

public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both.

　　If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. Andthis separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness as hesees it, of citizens, social workers, doctors, lawmakers, and judges, who instead of stamping out crime, punish the criminalsless severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that ninetenths of their work isrecatching people who have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical. 　　1. It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law because 　　2. The everyday life of a policeman or detective is 　　3. When murders and terrorist attack occur the police

　　4. The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight\" because 　　5. Detectives are rather cynical because 　　Practice 3

　　When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category（范畴）: when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, yousay, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and then they'll be sorry.

　　None of it ever happens, of course, or very little; but the fantasies give you the idea that the saddest things about goldenyouth is the feeling that from eighteen on, it is all downhill. A determination to be better adults than the present job-takers isfine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.

　　Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right, and for years youare too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond theday when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed and the later moment when theyactually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category ofambition.

　　When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an plane, I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop\" there willbe at least no little ones to suffer shock and grief; that even if the worst does come, I'll at least escape a long stay in hospitaland all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When the children are grown up I'll actuallybe able to do a day's work for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the moon. When I'm grown up—when they'regrown up—I'll be free.

　　Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to bed at seven, so youdon't ever get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shutting theintruders（⾮法⼊侵者） off the doorstep. Of course, you've got even more to worry about. 　　1. What interests the writer about the young is that they 　　2. What does the author feel is wrong with the modern youth? 　　3. She feels that as an adult one must

　　4. When her children have grown up, the author will feel free to 　　5. What are her present feelings about her children? 　　Practice 4

　　In 1975 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenzalike cases. Influenza issometimes called “flu\" or a “bad cold\". He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find thevirus of this influenza.

　　There are three main types of the influenza virus（病毒）. The most important of these are type A and B, each of themhaving several subgroups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus ingroup A, but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva.

W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15～20% of thepopulation had become ill.

　　As soon as the London doctors receive the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found thatby reproducing itself with very high speed, the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing theircareful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of virus type A. None of them gave anyprotection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help

whatever. Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some speciallyselected animals, which get influenza much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared.These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public,call it simply Asian flu.

　　The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries.

Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March ithad spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China is not a member of the WorldHealth Organization and therefore does not report outbreaks of disease to it. Not until two months later, when travelers

carried the virus into Hong Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world.By this time it was started on its way around the world.

　　Thereafter, W.H.O.'s Weekly Reports described the steady spread of this virus outbreak, which within four months sweptthrough every continent.

　　1. The doctor in Singapore performed a valuable service by 　　2. One interesting thing about the virus in the story was that 　　3. The type of influenza discussed in the story

　　4. The experiments in giving the virus to animals proved that this type of influenza was easy to catch but 　　5. One reason why the outbreak of the disease was not discovered sooner 　　was that 　　Practice 5

　　In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not makemistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.\" And they are honest. Many banksadvertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands\" and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously,computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimesshows they can be used to steal.

　　Computer criminals don't use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witnessand often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New Yorkbank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft (盗窃)

because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance inhis account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else's account. This manwas caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in therecords.

　　Some employees use the computer's power to get revenge (报复) on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, alarge insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professionallife. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm's computerized records.

　　Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg.\" As one officialsays, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorlydone. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who know how a computer works.\" 　　1. What is the passage mainly about?

　　2. Transactions in many banks are claimed to be safe because they

　　3. The bank teller covered up his crime by

　　4. What must the librarian do thirty days after she received the notice?

　　5. According to the last paragraph, what kind of criminals are the police unable to catch? 　　Key 　　Practice 1

　　1. He does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things 　　2. They welcome suggestions from anyone. 　　3. He usually does not buy anything. 　　4. they waste money on inferior goods 　　5. The time they take over buying clothes. 　　Practice 2

　　1. so that he can justify his arrests in court 　　2. wasted on unimportant matters

　　3. prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away 　　4. he is forced to break the law in order to preserve it 　　5. society does not punish criminals severely enough 　　Practice3

　　1. have such long term ambition 　　2. Their not wanting to improve adults

　　3. find a compromise between ambition and reality 　　4. live more dangerously

　　5. They are approaching a difficult age. 　　Practice4

　　1. reporting the outbreak to Geneva 　　2. it could reproduce with great speed 　　3. could not be cured by any known drug 　　4. but was not deadly

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