专题04 阅读理解-科普阅读(调查报告)-2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研(学生版)

专题04 阅读理解-科普阅读（调查报告） 2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研

科普文章或调查报告是高考中常考的文章类型，一般都放在阅读最后一篇。关注科技发展是培养学生科学意识和科学精神的一部分。 2021高考真题

D【2021·英语全国甲卷】

Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.

Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 12．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? A．They're unfair. C．They're objective.

B．They're conservative. D．They're strict.

13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart.

B．They look up to great thinkers.

C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 14．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination against women. C．Acceptance of victors' concepts. D．Changes in people's social positions. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike C．Genius and Intelligence

B．Genius Takes Many Forms D．Genius and Luck D【2021·全国高考乙卷】

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distractionin his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space （干扰）across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop

ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions. 32．Why does the interviewer prefer a co-working space? A．It helps him concentrate. C．It has a pleasant atmosphere.

B．It blocks out background noise. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.

33．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability? A．Total silence.

B．50 decibels

C．70 decibels.

D．8 5 decibels.

34．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people? A．Personal privacy unprotected. C．Restrictions on group discussion.

B．Limited working space. D．Constant interruptions.

35．What can we infer about the author from the text? A．He’s a news reporter. B．He’s an office manager. C．He’s a professional designer. D．He’s a published writer.

D【2021·全国新高考I卷】

Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others

interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 32．What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A．It can be measured by an IQ test. C．It includes a set of emotional skills.

B．It helps to exercise a person’s mind. D．It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

33．Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A．To explain a rule. C．To present a fact.

B．To clarify a concept. D．To make a prediction.

34．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A．Favorable. C．Doubtful.

B．Intolerant. D．Unclear.

35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A．Its appeal to the public. C．Its practical application. 2021年模拟题精选

D【华大新高2021届高三4月教学质量测评】

A recent study found that eating fish at least twice a week led to a 50 percent reduction in the risk that a child would develop asthma(哮喘) between the ages of 11 and 14 — but only if the children carried a certain type of he fatty acid desaturase(去饱和酶) gene, which is known to be associated with lower levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in the blood.

The researchers suspect that a diet that contains plenty of fish, especially oily varieties such as salmon, sardines and mackerel, could boost long-chain omega-3 levels and may protect against asthma by reducing inflammation(炎症) of the airways.

Of the children in the study with the gene variant(变体), the 25 percent who ate the most fish consumed at least 280 grams a week, equal to two adult-sized amounts. They had half the risk of developing asthma compared

B．Expectations for future studies. D．Scientists with new perspectives.

with the 25 percent who consumed the least fish—almost none.

Seif Shaheen, senior author of the study, said: “It is possible that a poor diet may increase the risk of developing asthma, but until now most studies have taken ‘snapshot’, measuring diet and asthma over a short period of time. Instead, we measured diet and then followed up children over many years to see who developed asthma and who didn’t.”

The study followed two groups of children, about 4,000 in the southwest of England and about 2,000 in Sweden.The die of the English children was assessed when they were seven and they were tracked until they were 14.

Professor Shaheen said: “Although we cannot say for certain that eating more fish will prevent asthma in children,based on our findings, it would nevertheless be sensible for children in the UK to consume more fish, as few currently achieve recommended intake.” 32．What is the possible effect of eating fish? A．To produce the fatty acid desaturase gene. B．To increase the long-chain Omega-3 levels. C．To fight against inflammation of the airways. D．To reduce the levels of oily varieties in the blood. 33．How much fish does an adult eat a week accordingly? A．70 grams.

B．140 grams.

C．280 grams.

D．560 grams.

34．What is Shaheen’s study different from most of the other studies? A．Most previous studies used cameras to do researches mainly. B．Shaheen’s study did research on more children than ever. C．Shaheen’s studied the children in a longer period of time. D．Most previous studies had different results from Shaheen’s study. 35．What can we know from Professor Shaheen’s words? A．Eating fish is a good cure for asthma in children. B．The more fish we eat,the healthier we become. C．Children in the UK need not take more fish. D．A poor diet may contribute to developing asthma.

D【广东省汕头市2021届高三二模】

Remote work, especially in a world affected by COVID-19, naturally leads to \"flex time\". Employees with small children might be getting the majority of their work done at night after the kids are in bed. Working early, you quit early. Starting late, work late.

With your teammates working during different hours, you may be getting messages at all hours of the day, night, or weekend, making you always available. That might be necessary in some industries during these challenging times, but certainly not in every industry and not for everyone in any industry. Once this takes root in your company culture, it becomes difficult to \"reset\" later. Besides, “always-on” isn't sustainable (可持续的), which increases pressure and quickly turns your company into an unpleasant place to work.

If your company adapts \"flex time\s’ needs while still protecting your culture and your team's work-life balance? The key is to encourage flex time while also setting clear \"communication hours\" (for example, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.）. Outside of those hours, employees should be encouraged to change their settings to \"Do Not Disturb\" and to use the “schedule send” feature of their email client so that messages only get delivered during communication hours.

If messages must happen outside of the set communication hours, such as for urgent or time-sensitive issues, make employees phone or text only. This way people can comfortably close down all other communication channels like email, WeChat, WeCom, etc. The act of having to call or text someone is usually enough to give the sender a pause to think, \"Do I really need this person now, or can the communication wait?\" This allows everyone on your team to work whenever is appropriate for them, but not feel like they have to work all the time to accommodate everyone else's schedule. A word of “Thanks for being so responsive” to someone answering an email outside of the defined communication hours definitely brings empathy (同理心) which smooths the urgency while also cultivating the trust and culture.

12．What may result in the phenomenon of \"always-on\"? A．COVID-19. C．Increasing pressure.

13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The phenomenon of \"flex time\". C．The necessity of “flex time”.

B．The disadvantages of “flex time”. D．The company culture of “flex time”, B．Some industries. D．Flexible working time.

14．What can we know about ''communication hours\"? A．It helps to make up for the shortcomings of “flex time\".

B．It should be set from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

C．Employees mustn't be disturbed within the hours. D．Employees are still responsive outside of the hours.

15．What is the author's attitude to the combination of \"flex time” and “communication hours”？ A．Neutral. C．Opposed.

B．Supportive. D．Indifferent.

D【山东省济南市2021届高三新高考适应性考试模拟试题】

The scientists who re-engineered the plastic-eating enzyme(酶) PETase have now created a new enzyme called “cocktail” , which can digest plastic up to six times faster.

PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks, creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic pollution. PET is the most common thermoplastic(热塑性塑料) used to make single-use drinks bottles, which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment, but PETase can shorten this time to days. The initial discovery set up the prospect of a revolution in plastic recycling, creating a potential low-energy solution to tackle plastic waste.

Now, the same trans-Atlantic team have combined PETase and its “partner”, a second enzyme called MHETase, to generate much bigger improvements: simply mixing PETase with MHETase doubled the speed of PET breakdown, and engineering a connection between the two enzymes to create a “super-enzyme”, increased this activity by a further three times.

The team was co-led by the scientists who engineered PETase, Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham. Professor McGeehan said: “Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MHETase chops things up further, so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together. Our first experiments showed that they did work better together, so we decided to physically link them. It took a great deal of work, but it was worth the effort — we were delighted to see that our new enzyme is up to three times faster than the separate enzymes.”

The original PETase enzyme discovery indicated the first hope that a solution to the global plastic pollution problem might be within grasp, though PETase alone is not yet fast enough to handle the tons of PET bottles. Combining it with a second enzyme, and finding together they work even faster, means another leap forward has been taken towards finding a solution to plastic waste. PETase and the new combined MHETase-PETase both work by digesting PET plastic. This allows for plastics to be made and reused endlessly, reducing our reliance on

fossil(化石) resources.

12．What can we learn about “cocktail” from the text? A．It doubles the breakdown of plastics. B．It takes hundreds of years to break down. C．It contributes to breaking down plastic quickly. D．It deals with the plastic waste three times faster. 13．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．A new study of PET. C．The discovery of PETase.

B．The breakdown of PET. D．The functions of PETase.

14．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Co-leading the trans-Atlantic team. C．Attacking the surface of the plastics. 15．What can we infer from the text?

A．PET pollution is no longer a difficult problem to deal with. B．New enzyme is speeding up our reliance on fossil resources. C．MHETase-PETase makes the world free from plastic pollution. D．Plastic-eating enzyme “cocktail” promises new hope for plastic waste.

C【河北省邯郸市2021届高三下学期第二次模拟】

Researchers have watched Asian honey bees hunt for animal feces（粪便）, carry it home, and then apply it around the entrance to their nests. Their findings document the behavior for the first time.

\"It turns out that by applying animal feces around colony entrances, Asian honey bees are able to stop giant hornets（大黄蜂）from their nest entrances. The hornets are less likely to try to break into the colonies by landing and chewing at their entrances in a multiple-hornet attack, which is the most deadly kind of hornet attack that honey bees experience,\" lead researcher Heather Mattila said.

Called \"fecal spotting\controversial topic and the criteria to identify it have been defined and redefined many times over,\" Mattila says. \"Across the majority of definitions, we look for an animal holding something, placing it with intentionality, and using it in a way that improves the function of the thing that the tool was applied to. This behavior of honey bees meets all of these criteria.”

B．Combining PETase and MHETase. D．Talking about conducting experiments.

Mattila and her fellows have been studying Asian honey bees in Vietnam since 2013. They’ve done fieldwork watching colonies in wooden hives（蜂房）managed by local beekeepers. They cleaned the front of the hives and then tracked how the bees looked for animal feces to build up defenses against their hornet enemies.

They found that giant hornets were much less likely to land on hive entrances or chew their way into the hives when there were more fecal spots around the entrances.

Attacks by groups of giant hornets can sometimes wipe out entire colonies of honey bees so protective measures like these are key to survival. Interestingly, the animal feces keeps away the hornets, but the bees don't have a problem picking it up or toting it around.

\"At this point, we don't know why animal feces disgusts hornets but is attractive to bees,\" Matilla says. \"It is definitely something that needs to be studied further.” 12．Why do Asian honey bees take animal feces home? A．To build their nests. C．To shelter nest entrances.

13．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To show tool use is a controversial topic. B．To show the concept of tool use is hard to define C．To show there are many definitions about tool use. D．To show \"fecal spotting\" is a tool using phenomenon. 14．What puzzles researchers in the study? A．How honey bees find animal feces. B．Why giant hornets attack honey bees. C．What is the key to honey bees’ survival. D．Why giant hornets hate feces while bees don't. 15．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Honey Bees Are Cleverer than Giant Hornets B．Tool Using Skills Make Honey Bees Stand Out C．Honey Bees Employ Tools to Fight Giant Hornets D．Honey Bees Use Various Ways to Defend Hornets

D【河北省2021届高三鸿浩超级联考】

B．To defend their nests. D．To set a trap for enemies.

Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person's natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body's internal temperature into electricity. \"In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery,\" said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder.

The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have enslaved humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren't that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers.

Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao's is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. \"Whenever you use a battery, you're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it,\" Xiao said. \"The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power.\"

Just pretend that you're out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao's device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. \"The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment,\" Xiao said.

12．What does Xiao expect of his device at present? A．It will be used for medical purposes. B．It will be made smaller and wearable. C．It will change natural power into electricity. D．It will supply constant power to wearable devices. 13．Why does the author mention The Matrix series in the text? A．To give an explanation. C．To introduce a topic.

B．To make a comparison. D．To analyze the cause.

14．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The strengths of Xiao's device. B．The convenience of using a battery. C．The replacement of wearable devices.

D．The development of traditional electronics.

15．What do we know about Xiao's device from the text? A．It operates with plenty of power. B．It is designed for practical use. C．It benefits people's health in a way. D．It's based on traditional electronics.

D【安徽省江淮十校2021届高三第三次质量检测】

As we enter into adulthood and continue to navigate everything that comes with it—work, kids, mortgage, you know—our childhood starts to feel further and further away.

Research shows that major issues in adulthood—from addiction and anxiety to compulsive overeating and relationship issues—can be better understood, and resolved, by looking back toward our childhood.

For anyone who experienced trauma (创伤) in their early years, those feelings can resurface later in life, explains Diane Young, a senior mental doctor at South Pacific Private.

“Many of us who see ourselves as ‘successful’ adults don’t relate our current behaviors and values to childhood experiences, until something becomes problematic and a professional connects it back—this can often be a light-bulb moment. Childhood is where we learn how to relate, where we develop our sense of self-worth and our interpersonal skills, so even minor forms of trauma, abuse or neglect can have an outsize influence later on in life,” Young says.

Want to know about how childhood experiences can affect your adult relationships? Here, Young helps us connect the dots between our past and our present.

How is childhood trauma defined?

“It is any experience that has a negative impact and is overwhelming to the child. It includes abandonment, neglect, divorce, death, being raised in a family with addicted parents or parents suffering with mental health issues. Some families can look perfect on the outside, but may be common with painful and destructive relational patterns that have long-lasting consequences.”

How can you recognize that you have a problem and that it’s linked to past events?

“When the behavior, substance or emotions seem to have control of you, rather than you having control of them—that’s a key sign that you have a problem. When thinking about the past, you will do everything to not feel the pain, fear or shame of those experiences. Other signs include feeling on ‘high alert’ all the time, having

flashbacks, experiencing high levels of anxiety, codependent relationships and low self-esteem.”

How can someone break the habit of repeating past negative behaviors?

“Reach out for help—usually this is from a partner, friend or family member. And make the call to a mental health professional—a therapist, or an adviser. There is help available if you reach out.” 12．The passage mainly focuses on the fact that ________. A．childhood and adulthood is closely related B．childhood has slight influence upon adulthood C．childhood’s negative experiences are unavoidable D．adulthood has a cure for childhood’s behaviors

13．Which is closest in meaning to the underline word “resurface” in the third paragraph? A．repeat

B．rediscover

C．reappear

D．recover

14．The fourth paragraph suggests that ________. A．adulthood is someway a reflection of childhood B．a successful person is one without problems in childhood C．childhood experiences are most important throughout lifetime D．adulthood experiences have little to do with childhood 15．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A．Problematic families always have painful and destructive consequences on children.

B．South Pacific Private is an organization that deals with childhood mental health issues like trauma. C．A light-bulb moment is when a person experiences most troublesome moment. D．When you experience high levels of anxiety, it’s a key sign that you suffer a trauma.

D【河南省郑州市2021届高中毕业年级第三次质量预测】

Tropical ( 热带的) rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate, and according to a new report by Rainforest Foundation Norway, humans are to blame. The world’s dependence on coal, farming, beans, palm oil and mining has resulted in two-thirds of Earth’s tropical rainforests being completely destroyed, and the remaining ecosystems being put closer to a tipping point.

Tropical rainforests once covered 14.5 million square kilometers of Earth’s surface, but now, just one-third of that remains undamaged. Of the original area tropical rainforests once occupied, 34% is completely gone and 30% is suffering from damage. All that remains is roughly 9.5 million square kilometers, and 45% of that is in a

degraded (恶化) state, the report says.

Researchers blame human consumption for the loss. While agriculture has always been a driving factor of rainforest loss, the report said that energy consumption, international trade and the production of beans and palm oil, logging and mining have been the largest threats (威胁) over the past century. A significant number of US products rely on resources from tropical rainforests. The country heavily relies on palm oil, rubber and cocoa, all of which come from forests around the world. Often, these resources are harvested from illegally destroyed lands.

Tropical rainforests are home to more than half of the Earth’s biodiversity and have more carbon in living organisms than any other ecosystem. In addition to supporting significant animal life, tropical rainforests are also necessary for slowing down global warming. “These unique ecosystems are suffering from constant abuse, through our bottomless appetite for land and resources,” said Anders Krogh, the author of the report. “We expect that upcoming UN climate and biodiversity summits provide specific targets and measures to protect tropical rainforests.”

The researchers also believe that the loss of tropical rainforests puts the whole world at the risk of future diseases. “Huge deforestation (毁林) is violating nature’s natural virus protection systems,” Krogh said. “The outbreak of COVID-19 should bring rainforest protection to the top of the agenda of all policy makers and world leaders concerned about preventing the outbreak of new diseases.” 12．Why are the data listed in Paragraph 2? A．To show the serious loss of tropical rainforests. B．To present the process of rainforest degradation. C．To stress the role of rainforests in the ecosystems. D．To explain the reason for the disappearance of rainforests. 13．What leads to the decrease of rainforests? A．Traditional method of farming. B．Global imbalance of international trade. C．The world’s much dependence on clean energy.

D．Human unreasonable consumption of rainforest resources. 14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The loss of rainforests will destroy the future generations. B．Immediate attention should be paid to protecting rainforests.

C．The disappearance of rainforests has accelerated the spread of the virus. D．Politicians are concerned about preventing the outbreak of new diseases. 15．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Tropical rainforests are declining B．Rainforests slow down global warming C．Humans are to pay for the loss of rainforests D．World leaders are acting to protect rainforests

D【宁夏石嘴山市2021届高三下学期质量检测三】

It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.

“Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that weaken their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.”

Reichelt and two other researchers found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. But this region is the last to mature - it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. Meanwhile, teen brains get more active from rewards for a while. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable are fully developed by the teen years.

In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. “It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation,” said Reichelt.

So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food. Exercise also cause the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses. 12．What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．The effects of eating junk food. C．The tendency of sharing junk food.

B．The causes of favouring junk food. D．The benefits of avoiding junk food.

13．What is the function of the prefrontal cortex? A．It serves as the sense of taste. B．It promotes teenagers’ spirits. C．It is partly in charge of self-control. D．It helps teenagers grow physically mature. 14．What does “it” refer to in the third paragraph? A．The prefrontal cortex. C．The adolescent brain.

B．The urge. D．The body.

15．Why is it hard for teens to give up junk food? A．Junk food is delicious and nutritious. B．Junk food is popular among young people. C．Teenagers don’t realize the harm of junk food.

D．Teenagers can feel temporary excitement from junk food.