03第三章——精选推荐

第三章

由芯芷整理！⾃考路上因有你有我⽽精彩I.Multiple choice

1.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as the thoughtthat designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to seethe individual as the very center of all life and all experience在⽂學歷史上，浪漫主義認為個⼈應是⽣命及實踐的中⼼。我們還可以說浪漫主義是將⼈們的注意⼒從外部世界---社會⽂明移到內部世界---⼈類⾃已的精神⽂明的實質

2.The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake ,

wordsworth,coleridge,Byron, Shelley and Keats are the marjor poets. Theystarted a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regardas the peotic revolution

浪漫主義是詩歌的時代，代表詩⼈有布萊克，華茲華斯，科勒律治，拜倫，雪萊及濟慈. 他們發起了對新古典主義的反判，這便是後世所稱“詩⼈⾰命”

3.In the romantic period, Poetry is the most prosperous 繁榮literary form浪漫主義時代也是詩歌的時代

4.in the following writings by William Blake, which marks his entry intomaturity?

Marriage of Heaven and Hell

天堂與地獄的結合⼀詩標志著威廉布萊克創作上的成熟, 該詩創作於法

國⼤⾰命⾼潮期間，並擔負諷喻與⾰命預⾔的兩重⾓⾊，在這⾸詩中，布萊克探索了對⽴事物之間的關系，吸引與排拆，理智與精⼒，愛與恨等對⽴事物都對⼈類⽣存有著舉⾜輕重的作⽤，布萊克認為⽣活就是不斷的對⽴沖突，如給與和索取，善與惡，天真純樸與經驗世故，⾁體與精神等，他認為沒有對⽴的⽭盾，就不會有社會與個⼈的進步，婚姻對布萊克意味著⽭盾的調和，並⾮⼀⽅從屬另⼀⽅

5.The declaration that “ I know that This World is a World ofImagination&Vision” and that “ the Nature of my work is visionary orimaginative” belong to which of the following writingWilliam Blake

⽣活在⾰命啟⽰光輝中的布萊克熱切的宣布：“我認為⼈世凡塵是⼀個充滿想象與幻想的世界，我的作品也如⼈世凡塵⼀樣充滿想象與幻象6.In William Blake’s peotry, the father (and any other in whose he saw theimage of the father such as God&his Priest, &King) was usually a figure oftyranny 專治

7.the Lone of literature in “Songs of Experience” by William Blake is doleful經驗之歌描寫了⼀個充滿苦難，貧窮，疾病與戰爭的世界

⽽天真之歌描寫了⼀個愉快⽽純潔的世界，盡管著這世界偶有苦難與罪惡8.William Wordsworth is reagrades as a “worshipper of nature”

華爾華茲從少年時代，他就對⼤⾃然充滿愛戀, 被稱為“⼤⾃然的膜拜者”，我如⾏雲獨⾃遊“⼀詩是英國詩中的奇葩，把我們帶⼊華茲華斯詩歌宗旨的核⼼

9.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I wandered lonely as a cloud 我如⾏雲獨⾃遊

http://www.doczj.com/doc/936360523c1ec5da50e27068.html posed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特橋上有感

C.The Solitary Reaper 孤獨的收割者

D.The Chimney Sweeper 掃煙窗的孩⼦william black

10.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems aboutnature and poems about human life

按照主題，華的短詩可以分為兩⼤類，關於⾃然的關於⼈類⽣活的11.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Poetry?Iyrical Ballads(抒情歌謠集) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and WilliamWordsworth

科勒律治合作的抒情歌謠集, ⾰命與獨⽴則成為抒情歌謠集中成功的結論，這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第⼀次12.Coleridge’s peoms”the rime of the ancient mariner, christabel and kublakhan are known as Demonic group

包括他的三部代表作古航海家之歌，克麗斯特⾙爾以及忽必烈汗

這些詩歌的顯著特點，便是神秘與想象，詩歌的背景都設在詩⼈的記憶與夢幻之中，故事的發⽣，發展與絲毫不受理性的羈絆，這類詩歌的他作⽬的是將詩⼈⾃覺的意識與神的寬恕相調和

13.Place me on Sumium’s marbled steep 讓我登上蘇尼姆⼤理⽯般的懸崖Where nothing

Save the waves and I 那裡隻有海浪與我

May hear our mutual murmurs sweep 能聽彼此的喃喃低語掠過

There,swan like, let me sing and die 在那裡，象天鵝⼀樣，讓我歌唱後死亡A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine ⼀個奴棣的國家永遠不是我的國家Dash down you cup of Samian wine 把那杯薩莫斯的酒摔下These lines are taken fromThe Isles of Greece Byron拜爾的西臘島, 節選⾃唐璜

14.“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19th

century

唐璜是19世紀初斯的著名諷刺史詩

15.In his lyrics 抒情詩such as “Ode 頌to Liberty”” Ode to Naples”, PercyBysshe Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred towardtyranny 專治，

雪萊對⾃由的渴望及對的憎惡都體現在詩作中，如⾃由頌，那不勒斯頌16.Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere 狂野的精靈，你吹遍四⽅Destroyer and preserver 毀滅者和保存者，Hear, O hear! 聽啊聽Two lines are found in

Ode to the west wind by shelley 西⾵頌，雪萊

17.In Shelley’s “ To a Skylark”致雲雀the bird , suspended between reality

and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the Poet Both celestial rapture and human limitation18.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic dramaPrometheus Unbound

雪萊最有造詣的作品是他的四幕詩劇—了的普羅⽶修斯, 詩劇源於希臘神話及古希臘悲劇家埃斯庫羅斯的劇作“被縛的普羅⽶修斯”，普羅⽶修斯為⼈類的⽣存盜取天⽕，被⼑神之王宙斯拴縛在⾼加索⼭上，飽受折磨，雪萊在序⾔中指出，他雖然沿⽤埃斯庫羅斯的情節，卻改變了普羅⽶修斯與宙斯和解的結局，⽽是將暴君趕下寶座，換來新⽣的宇宙天地，詩中普羅修斯與天帝的⾾爭表現了法國⼤⾰命失敗後，英國與歐洲資產階級⾰命家對封建反動勢⼒的不滿與反抗情緒。19.The author of the work “Men of England” is Shelley致英格蘭⼈民

20.The author of “Ode on a grecian Urn” is Keats

希臘古公頌---約翰濟慈詩中描繪被藝術家所凝固的畫⾯，詩⼈認為這些永恆的圖畫⽐變幻無常的現實⽣活更美麗，但詩的最後⼀節中，古翁花紋變了“冰冷僵化的⽥園詩畫”表明了作者對時間及⾃然之美極為⽭盾的感覺

21.The first improtant poem written by John Keats isOn First Looking into Chapman’s Homer

濟慈第⼀部詩作是”讀恰普曼譯荷⾺，發表在檢驗者報上

22.Jane Austen’s first novel is Sense and Sensibility 理智與情感簡。奧斯汀處⼥作理智與情感講述了⼀對姐妹的戀愛經歷23.In terms of Pride and Prejedice, which is not true?

A.Pride and prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s novelsB.Pride and prejudice is originally drafted as “First Impressions”C.Pride and prejudice is a tragic novel

D.in this novel , the author explores the relationship between great loveand realistic benefits

24.After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to knowtht Mrs. Bennet is a woman of simple character and poorunderstanding

II.Reading comprehension

1.When my mother died I was very young 母親死的時候同我很⼩

And my father sold me while yet my tongue ⽗親把我賣給別⼈，當時我還幾乎喊不清Could scarcely cry “weep! weep! weep! weep! 掃呀掃

So your chimney I sweep,& in soot I sleep 於是我就掃你們煙囪，在煤炭中睡覺Questions:

A.Who is the author of this stanza, and what is the title of the poem fromwhich this stanza is taken?

William Blake’s Songs of Innocence 掃煙囪的孩⼦，選⾃“天真之歌”B.What does the”weep” mean?

Here means “sweep” it is the child’s lisping attempt at the chimneysweeper’s street cry

C.Based on this stanza, discuss the characteristics of his poems in his earlyyears

His poems emphasize the tone of joy, laughter, love and harmony , his language in many poems is pain and direct. Hispoems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning.Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctivefeature of his poetry

2.I wandered lonely as a cloud 我如⾏雲獨⾃遊

That floats on high o’er vales and hills 在河⾕與群⼭之上飄⾶When all at once I saw a crowd 突然間我看到⼀⼤群A host, of golden daffodils ⽔仙花⼀⼤⽚⾦⿈⾊的⽔仙花Beside the lake, beneath the trees 在湖畔，在樹下Fluttering and dancing in the breeze 在微⾵中翩翩起舞Questions:

A.Identify the poem and poet

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth我如⾏雲獨⾃遊

B.In several sentences, interpret the meaning of this stanzaLike a cloud flying over valleys and mountains, I was travelling.

Suddenly to my surprise, I saw a grove of daffodils at the side of a lake, how beautiful they were, fluttering and dancing in thewind. This poem typically depicts the respect for nature

C.From the characteristics of this tanza ,we can deduce which period itbelongs to

The Romantic period

3.Cleave themselves into chasms 深坑, while far below裂成道道溝壑，⽽在海洋深處

The sea-blooms and oozy woods which wear海花和滑溜溜的樹林披著

The sapless foliage of the ocean , know海洋那沒有汁液的枝葉，聽出

The voice , and suddenly grow grey with fear你的聲⾳，頓時嚇得⾯⾊灰⽩

And tremble and despoil themselves: O hear!渾⾝顫抖，葉⽚紛紛落下，聽呵Questions:

A.What do the two stazas describe?

The power of the wind, even the vegetation at the bottom of the seagrow grey when it comesB.What idea does the poem express from which the two stanzas are takenfrom?

The poem expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom fromthe reality

C.Based on the above qualities , identify the author of the poem.Percy Bysshe ShelleyIII.Questions and answers

1.What are the characteristics of the romantic literature?A.In poetry writing, the romanticist employed new theories andinnovated 改⾰new techniques, for example, the preface to thesecond edition of the “Lyrical Ballads”acts as a manifesto for thenew school

B.The romanticist not only extol(讚美) the faculty本能，才能ofimagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity(⾃發性)and inspiration(靈感)

C.They regard nature as the major source of poetic imagery and thedominant subject

D.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic2.What are the features of the Byronic Hero?

Byronic hero: a pround, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin , Withimmense superiority in his passions, and powers, this Byronic herowould carry on his shoulder the burden of righting all the wrongs in

corrupt soceity , and would rise single-handedly against any kind oftyrannical rules

作為浪漫主義代表詩⼈，拜倫的主要貢獻在於他創造了“拜倫式英雄”⾼傲，神秘，反叛卻帶有貴族⾎統. 以⾃已超凡的情感與能⼒，這個拜倫式英雄能擔負起整頓社會的重擔，能隻⾝反抗⼀切暴君統治，拜倫式英雄⾯對的沖突都是判逆的個⼈與腐化過時的社會制度之前的沖突3.What are the two functions of the west wind in Shelley’s Ode to the westwind

The west wind is both a destroyer and a preserver , it destroys the deadleaves, the symbol of old rotten society , it preseves the seeds, thesymbol of new-born thing ans a new worldIV.Topic discussion

Generally speaking, Jane Austen was a writer of the 18th century, though she lived mainly in 19th century. Based on herwritings, discuss Jane Austen’s greatestcontributioh to English literature

A.Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists inEnglish literature. She creates six influential novels

B.Her main literary concern is about human beings in their personalrelationships , she makes trivial daily life as improtant as theconcerns about human belief career and salient social event, this iswhat makes her important in English literature

C.Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as art of form, to itsmaturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of humanbehavior and her accurate portrayal of human individuals

D.She describes the world from a woman’s point of view, and depictsa group of authentic and common womenV.典型案例

1.Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from 17-1832英國浪漫主義時期⼀般認為始於17年，標志為“抒情歌謠集”的出版

終於1832年，標志為沃特，斯哥特的去世及議會第⼀個改⾰提案的通過

2.Which of the following is the Gothic novel?Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

哥特式⼩說代表作主要有安。拉得克利夫的“尤道夫之謎”和瑪麗。雪利的“富蘭肯斯坦”等

哥特式⼩說也是浪溫主義運動的⼀部分，它盛⾏於浪漫主義前期的18世紀末

這種⼩說的主要題材是暴⼒，恐怖及對超⾃然⼒的描寫，這些內容極能刺激讀者的情緒

3.What is the theme of Don Juan

The theme of “Don Juan” is appearance and reality , i.e what thingseem to be and what they actually are

唐璜的諷刺主題為事物表象與本質的關系即看上去是什麼與實際上是什麼.

Byron’s true intention is, by making use of Juan’s adventures, topresent a panoramic 全景的view of different types of societyThe unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme ofappearance and reality, i.e what things seem to be and what theyactually are

4.What’s the theme of “Ode to the west wind”

The poet eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagernessto enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality

西⾵頌頌揚了西⾵的強勁，表達了作者對⾃由的渴望和未來的憧憬VI.歷年考題

1.Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in thatThe former celebrates reason, rationality , order and instruction whilethe latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feelingsand experiences

新古典主義提倡理性，秩序和紀律，⽽浪漫主義認為⽂學藝術就是以⼈為本，表述⼈的獨特情感和⼈⽣態度，描繪⼈的各種經歷2.What does Wordsworth’s poem”the Solitary Reaper”tell us aboutRomanticists? 孤獨的收割者

To romanticists, poetry is an expression of an individual’s feelings andexperiences no matter how fragmentary and momentaty

3.The lines”it was a miracle of rare device/A sunny pleasure dome with cavesof ice” are found in

這是個奇跡般的罕⾒的設計, ⼀座有冰窟的陽光燦爛的歡樂宮Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”科勒律治的勿必烈汗

4.Prometheus Unbound is Shelley’s greatest achievement,

Prometheus ,according to the Greek mythology, was chained by Zeus onMount Caucasus and suffered the vulture’s feeding on his liver for stealingthe fire from heaven and giving it to man

5.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPTA.The use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.The expression of the spontaneous ⾃發的overflow of the powerfulfeeling

C.The use of humble and rustic鄉下⼈life as subject matterD.The use of elegant wordling and inflated figures of speech

華茲華斯的詩歌理論是⽤樸素的語⾔將百姓的平凡⽣活展現出來，詩歌是強列情感的⾃發流露

6.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecial Urn”?Beauty is truth, truth beauty

美即是真，真即是美，這就是你在⼈世間所知和須知的⼀切希臘古翁頌，對濟慈的創作的指導思想“美即是真，真就是美”的掌握7.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line byP.B.Shelley

8.“Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the permanence永恆of art and the transience 短暫of human passion

約翰。濟慈的希臘古翁頌顯⽰了藝術的永恆與⼈類的激情的短暫之間的對⽐9.Wild spirit, which are moving everywhere/Destroyer and preserver,hear, O hear!

狂野的精靈，你吹遍四⽅毀滅者和保存者，聽啊聽Questions

A.Identify the poem and poetShelley’s “Ode to the West wind”B.What is the wild spiritBreath of Auntumn’s being

C.What does the wild spirit destroy and preserve

It destroys things/thoughts/ideas that are dead;it preserve newlife(or seeds that represent new life or new birth)10.Here is the last stanza of Byron’s”the isles of greece”希臘島，節選⾃於唐璜

Place me on Sunium’s marble steep

讓我登上蘇妮姆⼤理⽯般的懸崖Where nothing, save the waves and I那裡隻有海浪與我

May hear our mutual murmurs sweep隻能聽彼此的喃喃低語掠過There,swan-like, let me sing or die在那時，象天鵝⼀樣，讓我歌唱後死亡A land of slaves never be mine----⼀個奴隸的國家永遠不是我的國家Dash down yon cup of Samian wine把那杯薩莫斯的美酒摔下

Determine the speaker first and then discuss briefly the main idea of the stanza or of the whole excerpt. You may want toconsider the possible

implications of the last two lines

這段詩是唐。璜與海黛婚禮上希臘歌⼿吟唱的歌，19世紀初期，希臘受⼟爾其統治，作者⽀持希臘⼈民反抗奴役，爭取⾃由A.Byron speaks through a greek singer

B.The excerpt presents a strong resentment for the Turk’s conquest ofGreece and calls on the Greek people to rise and fight for freedomC.Thus, the last line may suggest resolution to take immediate action tofree Greece from coslavement

11.How is Romanticism defferent from Neoclassicism? Provide briefevidence from the literary works you know bestA.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be

order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literatureshould be judged in terms of its service to humanity , and thus, literaryexpressions should be of proportion, unity,harmony and grace.Pope’s An Essay on criticism advocates grave, wit and simplicity inlanuage

Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel

Gray’s Elegy written in a country churchyard displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instruction

B.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of allexperience, including art, and thus , literary work should ha”spontaneous ⾃發的overflow of strong feelings” and no matterhow fragmentary those experiences were( Wordsworth’s “ I WanderedLongly as a Cloud” or”the Solitary reaper, or coleridge’s Kubla

Khan”) , the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting thoseunique feelings and particular attitudes

C.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form butRomanticism attached great importance to the individual’smind(emotion,imagination, temporary experience…)