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2023届高考英语单元知识点导学案

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  XX届高考英语顶尖学案:外研版

  module 1 our body and healthy habits——人体与健康的习惯

  核心词汇

  1.my luggage was ____________ (超重)by five kilos,so i was asked to pay more money.

  2.it’s about time we were ____________ (朝……方向前进)home.

  3.regular exercise is part of a healthy ____________ (生活方式).

  4. it’s ____________ (正常的)to feel nervous before an exam.

  5.two people have been critically ____________(受伤)in a road accident.

  6.there was an ____________(焦虑的)moment when the plane suddenly dropped.

  7.alan ____________ (极少)talked about his own work.

  8. people are concerned about the quality of the air they ____________(呼吸).

  9.he has gained a great amount of ______________ by selling famous writers’ books and as a result he is very____________.(wealth)

  10. her back gives her a lot of ____________ and it is still_____________. in spite of this ,she still takes great ____________  to help us.(pain)

  高频短语

  1.overweight 2.heading 3.lifestyle 4.normal 5.injured 6.anxious 7.rarely 8.breathe 9.wealth;wealthy 10.pain;painful;pains

  1._________________  与……有联系

  2.________________  锻炼

  3._________________  迷恋

  4.________________  躺下

  5.________________  以……开始

  6.__________________  用车接;搭载

  7.________________  生病

  8.________________  将……投入……

  9.________________  至少

  10.________________  避开;远离

  重点句式

  1.be connected with 2.take exercise 3.be crazy about 4.lie down 5.begin with 6.pick up 7.become ill 8.put...into... 9.at least 10.keep away

  1.when zhou kai’s mother ________ him ________ towards the front door ________ a jacket ________, she eyed him anxiously.

  周凯的妈妈看到他没有穿夹克衫就往前门走去时,她担心地盯着他。

  2.but________ i was ___________ play football in the rain.

  但那是因为我太傻了,竟然在雨中踢足球。

  3.so ________________, i’m a normal kind of person.

  所以从我说的话你就明白我是一个正常健康的孩子。

  4. because of this,i make sure that i have a good diet,and __________ ,this isn’t a problem because my mother feeds us so well.

  因为这样,我确保自己有一个健康的饮食,正如我已经说的,这没问题,因为我妈妈让我们吃得很好。

  5. _____________________you’ll get/become really fit.

  多进行体育锻炼,你就会真正身体健康。

  6. that ________ be________...那再好不过了……

  7.britain was __________ country in the world _____________.

  英国是世界上第一个有免费健康保健并由付费的国家。

  答案:

  1.saw;heading;without;on 2.that’s because;stupid enough to 3.as you can see from what i’ve said 4.as i’ve said    5.take more exercise and 6.couldn’t;better     7.the first;to have a free health  care system paid for by the government

  知识详解

  ① fit adj. 适合的;健康的,强健的;能胜任的,合格的

  v. 适合,使(衣服)合身,使适应,使合格,使胜任

  (回归课本p52)...i take a lot of exercise and am very fit.

  ……我锻炼很多,身体很健康。

  【归纳总结】

  ①keep fit,study hard and work well.

  身体好,学习好,工作好。

  ②he’s been ill and isn’t fit for work yet.

  他一直在生病,尚不能工作。

  ③the water in this river isn’t fit to drink.

  这条河中的水不适合饮用。

  ④this jacket fits her well.这件夹克非常适合她。

  【例句探源】

  match,suit,go with,agree with,fit

  (1)match“和……匹配,适合”,多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。

  (2)suit“适合(常指衣服颜色、样式适合某人);适宜”,还可表示“合某人的意(在口语中)”。

  (3)go with“和……相配;相称”,基本相当于match的用法,但着重强调同步材料的匹配。

  (4)agree with“适合(常用于否定句);相一致”。

  (5)fit“适合(常指衣服尺寸适合某人);称职”。

  【易混辨析】

  ①his clothes don’t match his age.

  ②does the time suit you?

  ③the new coat fits her well.it is neither too big nor too small.

  ④his story agrees_with the fact.

  ⑤i’d like to buy some tapes to go_with the book.

  1.(XX年高考山东卷)amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to________,so she left.

  a.show off        b.go up

  c.fit in      d.come over

  解析:选c。考查动词短语。show off“炫耀,使突出”;go up“上涨,提高,增加”;fit in“相处融洽,合得来”;come over“过来,顺便拜访”。句意:艾米参加了一个绘画组,但是似乎(和那些人)合不来,所以她又退了出来。显然c项符合句意。

  【即境活用】

  ★2.her shoes________her dress;they look very well together.

  a.suit          b.fit

  c.compare     d.match

  解析:选d。句意是:她的鞋子与她的裙子相配,它们穿在一起很好看。此句要用match表示“与……相配”。suit后宾语往往是人;fit的宾语也是人;compare指“相比”。

  ② rarely  adv. 稀少地;极少地

  (回归课本p52)i rarely get toothache.

  我很少牙疼。

  【归纳总结】

  (1)rarely 为否定词,位于句首时句子应用部分倒装。类似,的词还有:hardly,scarcely,seldom,never,little等。,(2)rare adj.稀少的;罕有的,其反义词为common。

  【例句探源】

  ①the truth is rarely pure and never simple.

  真理很少是纯粹的,更不会是简单的。

  ②this method is rarely used in modern laboratories.

  =rarely is this method used in modern laboratories.

  现代实验室里很少使用这种方法。

  3.—how was the televised debate last night?

  —super!rarely________so much media attention.

  a.a debate attracted    b.did a debate attract

  c.a debate did attract        d.attracted a debate

  解析:选b。答句的句意是:好极了!很少有一次电视辩论会引起媒体的广泛注意。rarely提到句首,句子要用部分倒装语序,把助动词did提到主语a debate前面。

  【即境活用】

  ③ pain  n. 疼痛;痛苦;辛苦,努力(用复数)

  vt. 使痛苦 vi. 感到疼痛

  (回归课本p52)the injury was quite painful...

  受伤处非常疼……

  【归纳总结】

  with great pain 煞费苦心地

  in pain疼痛,在苦恼中

  have a pain/pains in the head 头疼

  be at pains 辛苦地做,下苦功做……

  take pains 尽力,费苦心,下苦功

  spare no pains 不遗余力,全力以赴,不辞劳苦painful adj.令人痛苦的,疼痛的

  【例句探源】

  ①no pains, no gains.(谚语)不劳无获。

  ②take these tablets if you are in pain.

  要是疼痛就服下这些药。

  ③he spared no pains to bring up the child.

  他不辞辛苦养育那小孩。

  ④it pains me to see you living this way.

  看到你这样生活,我很痛心。

  ⑤she took great pains to learn a foreign language well.

  她努力地学好一门外语。

  4.—it took me ten years to build up my business,and it almost killed me.

  —well,you know what they say.________.

  a.there is no smoke without fire

  b.practice makes perfect

  c.all roads lead to rome

  d.no pains,no gains

  解析:选 d。由第一句话“it took me ten years to build up my business” 可知,有付出才有收获,故d项正确。

  【即境活用】

  ④ anxious  adj. 忧虑的,不安的;挂念的;渴望的,急切的

  (回归课本p2)why is zhou kai’s mother anxious?

  周凯的妈妈为什么担心?

  【归纳总结】

  【例句探源】

  ① she is still absent. i’m anxious about her health.

  她依然缺课,我实在担心她的健康。

  ②she  was anxious for them all to leave the classroom.

  她渴望他们全都离开教室。

  ③(朗文p67)peggy is  anxious to show that she can cope with extra responsibility.

  佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。

  ④the mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter’s health.

  母亲为女儿的健康忧心忡忡。

  ⑤he is anxiously watching for his friend.

  他急切地等着他的朋友。

  5.our parents always get a little bit________ if we don’t manage to arrive when we say we will.

  a.eager         b.anxious

  c.patient     d.earnest

  解析:选b。get a little bit anxious“感到有点焦急、担心。”

  ★6.完成句子

  i  ______________________________ when they didn’t come back home from school.

  孩子们放学后没有回家,我非常担心。

  答案:was anxious about the children

  【即境活用】

  ⑤ would rather 宁愿

  (回归课本p2)a lot of my school friends eat sweets every day but i’m lucky because i don’t have a sweet tooth—i’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit.

  我很多校友每天都吃糖果,幸运的是我不喜欢甜食——我宁愿吃一块可口的水果。

  (1)would rather (not)do sth.宁愿/想做(不做)某事 (2)would rather do a than do b 宁愿做a不愿做b (3)would rather (not)have done sth.宁愿/希望做过

  (没做过)某事。表达的愿望与事实相反。

  (4)would rather+that�Mclause宁愿/希望……;从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表达对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时,对过去的愿望用过去完成时。prefer doing sth./to do sth.宁愿做某事

  prefer doing a to doing b=prefer to do a rather than do b=would rather do a than do b 宁愿做a而不愿意做b

  【归纳总结】

  ①we would rather listen to some fairly quiet and peaceful music.

  我们宁愿听点儿稍微恬静柔和的音乐。

  ②i would rather not go out ,if you don’t mind.

  如果你不介意的话,今晚我不想外出了。

  ③i would rather walk than take a bus.

  我宁愿走路也不愿坐公共汽车。

  【例句探源】

  ④she would rather have met him when she was young.

  她真希望在年轻时就遇到他。

  ⑤i would rather not have lent her my car.

  我真希望自己当初没有把车借给她。

  ⑥we would rather you came tomorrow.

  我们宁愿你明天来。

  ⑦i’d rather he hadn’t done it.

  我真希望他没干过那件事。

  【即境活用】

  7.(XX年高考江苏卷)george is going to talk about the geography of his country,but i’d rather he________more on its culture.

  a.focus           b.focused

  c.would focus     d.had focused

  解析:选b。句意:乔治打算谈论本国的地理,但是我宁愿他把话题多集中于文化上。本题考查虚拟语气。would rather后加从句,如果表示过去的动作应用过去完成时态,如果表示现在或将来的动作则用过去时态。根据句意可知答案为b项。

  ★8.—will you join us in the game?

  —thank you,________.

  a.but why not    b.but i’d rather not

  c.and i won’t    d.and i’ll join

  解析:选b。本题考查情景交际。若同意参加,直接用thank you就可以了;若不想参加,常用but来解释原因,因此选择b项。

  ⑥ begin with 以……开始

  (回归课本p9) begin with some information about yourself.

  以你自己的一些情况开始。

  【归纳总结】

  ①the english alphabet begins with ‘a’ and ends with ‘z’.

  英文字母表从a开始,以z结束。

  ②to begin with,it is important to create a positive attitude.

  首先,要有一个积极的态度,这点很重要。

  【例句探源】

  【即境活用】

  9.完成句子

  (1)i can’t come.____________, i don’t feel well.besides,i don’t have much money.

  我不能来。首先是因为身体不舒服,其次我也没有太多钱。

  答案:to begin with

  (2)the teacher ____________a joke.

  老师上课前先讲了个笑话。

  答案:began his lesson with

  句型梳理

  ① 【教材原句】 but that’s because i was stupid enough to play football in the rain.(p3)

  但那是因为我太傻了,竟然在雨中踢足球。

  【句法分析】this/that/it is because...为表语从句的常用句型结构。表示“这/那是因为……”的意思。

  that’s why...那是……的原因

  that’s how...那是如何……

  that is when...那是……的时候

  that is where...那是……的地方

  ①that’s how he made a living when he stayed in london.

  那就是他在伦敦逗留期间如何谋生的。

  ②that was because world war ⅱ broke out.

  那是因为二战爆发了。

  ③that’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.

  那是为什么我们看到颜色像彩虹一样扩散开的原因。

  ④some people don’t want to get vaccinated,that’s because they think the tests aren’t complete.

  一些人不想接种流感疫苗,那是因为他们认为相关的药物测试还不健全。

  10.(XX年高考江苏卷)—i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays.

  —that’s__________i don’t agree.you should have a more active life.

  a.where         b.how

  c.when         d.what

  解析:选a。句意:——每逢周日,我更喜欢整天都待在屋里听音乐。——那就是我不同意的地方,你应该过一种更加积极的生活。本题考查名词性从句。agree为不及物动词,不能直接加宾语,故排除what ;when表示时间,how表示方式,where表示具体地点或抽象地点,根据句意可知此处应用where引导表语从句。

  【即境活用】

  ★11.why not try your luck downtown,bob? that’s__________the best jobs are.

  a.where     b.what

  c.when     d.why

  解析:选a。句意:为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢,鲍勃?在那个地方有最好的工作。句中的downtown是地点状语,where在此引导一个表语从句,在从句中作状语。

  ② 【教材原句】 go to bed now or you’ll be really tired tomorrow.(p4)

  现在上床休息吧,否则明天你会很累的。

  take more exercise and you’ll get/become really fit.(p4)

  多进行体育锻炼,你就会真正身体健康。

  【句法分析】 “祈使句+and/or+并列分句”是高考常考句型,其特点是祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句,并列分句表示结果。如果条件与结果一致,连词用and;如果条件与结果不一致,连词用or, otherwise或or else。该句型中的祈使句有时可以省略为名词词组,句子意思基本不变。

  ①get up early and you will have time to take exercise.

  早上起早点,你就会有时间进行锻炼。

  ②hurry up,or you’ll be late.=if you don’t hurry up,you’ll be late.快点,否则你就会迟到。

  ③more healthy food ,or you’ll break down early or late.

  多吃健康食品,不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。

  12.(XX年高考四川卷)if you have a job, ________yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.

  a.do devote        b.don’t devote

  c.devoting     d.not devoting

  解析:选a。句意:如果你有工作并全身心地投入,那么最终你会成功的。本题考查祈使句式及动词的强调。由句意可排除表示否定意义的b、d两项;再分析句子结构可知逗号后和and之前的部分须是完整的句子,c项为现在分词,被排除;a项填入后构成了祈使句,do是对动词原形进行强调,故a正确。

  【即境活用】

  ★13.follow the road until you come to the post office,________you will find the library around the corner.

  a.and           b.or

  c.so          d.but

  解析:选a。本题为“祈使句+and+分句”结构,分句的谓语动词常用一般将来时。句意:顺着马路走到邮局,你在拐弯处就能看到图书馆。

  ★14.句型转换

  (1)if you use your head,you will find a way.

  =_________your head,_________you will find a way.

  答案:use;and

  (2)hurry up,or you’ll be late.

  =you’ll be late ________ you hurry up.

  答案:unless

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