英语五大基本句型及练习
英语五大基本句型及练习
基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一：主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，
不需要宾语及补语，
但有时可有副词，
介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g. The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二
：主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is under the desk .
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
A. 在此句型中，
通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
不能说：I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，
还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，
则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，
则要带”to”.
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.
He was seen to steal the old man’s money .
英语五大基本句型练习
1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.
a. wait b. to wait c. waiting d. waited
2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.
a. run b. ran d. to run d. running
3. Rose is going to have her hair _____.
a. do b. done c. did d. doing
4. She felt somebody ___her.
a. touched b. touches c. touch d. to touch
5. She taught him _____speak English.
a. how b. how could he c. how he could d. how to
6.He didn’t enjoy the play because he ____.
a. was boring b. bored c. was bored d. boring
7.I will make your dream ____.
a. comes true b. to come true c. coming truly d. come true
8.He warned ____home .
a. us to not go b. us not to go c. we not go d. us not go
9. Canned food does not go ____.
a. bed easily b. badly easy c. bad easy d. badly easily
10.The sad news kept her ___all the night.
a. awake b. waken c. wake d. to wake
11.I think ____a bad habit to get up late .
a. that b. it c. this d. its
12.He found his money _____.
a. steal b. stealing c. stolen d. to steal
13.Roses in bloom smell ____.
a. sweetly b. sweet c. sweeten d. sweetness
14.We must have the machine ____.
a. to repair b. repairing c. repair d. repaired
15.She was lying in the sofa ____a book.
a. reading b. read c. to read d. to reading
16.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day.
a. inform b. to inform c. informed d. informing
17.The speaker found himself ____all alone.
a. left b. leave c. leaving d. to leave
18.The speaker found himself ____.
a. misunderstand b. misunderstanding
c. misunderstood d. to misunderstand
19.-My watch is broken.
–Why don’t you ___.
a. take a repairer your watch b. take your watch a repairer
c. take to a repairer it d. take it to a repairer
20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldn’t find ____the hotel.
a. how to return to b. how you could go for
c. the way back for d. the way back to
21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.
a. made a cake to me b. made a cake me c. made for me a cake d. made me a cake
22. The teacher ____John a good student.
a. believes b. knows c. suggests d. considers
23.It’s a fine day. Let’s go boating, ___?
a. will we b. don’t we c. won’t we d. shall we
24.Don’t smoke in the classroom, ___?
a. will you b. do you c. don’t you d. won’t you
25.He seldom has lunch at home, ____he?
a. has b. hasn’t c. does d. doesn’t
26.We had to get up early, ___we?
a. didn’t b. don’t c. had d. did
27.You had Tom do the job, ____you?
a. did b. didn’t c. had d. hadn’t
28.Let us have another look, ____you?
a. will b. would c. won’t d. wouldn’t
29.Nobody came, ___?
a. didn’t he b. didn’t they c. did he d. did they
30.We ought to hand it in today, ____we?
a. oughtn’t b. don’t c. shouldn’t d. won’t
31.We’d better wait for ten more minutes, ___?
a. hadn’t we b. don’t we c. didn’t we d. wouldn’t we
32. I’d like a sandwich, ____?
a. would you b. do you c. couldn’t you d. don’t you
33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, ___?
a. hasn’t he b. isn’t he c. hasn’t it d. isn’t it
34.You and I did it together, ___?
a. didn’t I b. didn’t you c. did you d. didn’t we
35.They should have completed it earlier, ____?
a. should they b. shouldn’t they c. have they d. haven’t they
36. You may take it if you want to, ___?
a. mayn’t you b. don’t you c. shouldn’t you d. won’t you
37.You must have told Mr. Smith the secret, ___?
a. mustn’t you b. must you c. haven’t you d. have you
38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, ___?
a. did she b. didn’t she c. was she d. wasn’t she
39.Tom said he was not there then, ___?
a. didn’t he b. did he c. wasn’t he 40. I suppose he is honest , ___?
a. don’t I b. do I C. isn’t he d. is he 41. I don’t think he is serious, ___?
a. don’t I b. do I C. isn’t he d. is he
42.She’s finished the job, ____she ?
a. doesn’t b. isn’t c. wasn’t d. hasn’t 43. –You aren’t a teacher, are you?
a. Yes, I am not b. No, I am c. No, but I was 44.- ____is your sister?
d. Yes, I wasn’t
d. was he
-She is a teacher in a middle school.
a. Who b. What c. Which d. Where
45.-How are your parents?
-_____.
a. They are doctors b. They like sweet food
c. They are fine d. They are fifty
46. -___will you get married to him. -In a month.
a. How soon b. How long c. How often d. How much
47. There ____two films this week in our school.
a. is b. have c. have been d. has
48. There ____a lot of news about the fire on TV last night.
a. was b. had c. were d. is
49.There used to be a temple there, ____?
a. usedn’t it b. used there c. didn’t it d. didn’t there
50. There ___ a stream in front of our house.
a. lies b. has c. stand d. lie
