高级英语第一册修辞总结1--11

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar

1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.

e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)

2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)

2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.

e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)

2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)

3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.

e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)

2)…make a point of protesting

4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.

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e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)

a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)

5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.

e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5)

2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5)

6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.

e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)

Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America

V. Rhetorical devices

1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2.

e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1)

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2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)

2. Metaphor

e.g. 1) …who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. (Para. 1)

2) …main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. (Para. 3)

3. Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. It is most often restricted to the making of brief, unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility and contempt.

e.g. 1)…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. (Para. 6)

2) …one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night. (Para. 13)

4. Alliteration: please refer to Lesson 1.

e.g. It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.

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It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences”

5. Antithesis: please refer to Lesson 1.

e.g. 1)…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. (Para. 5)

2)…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.

6. euphemism

e.g. 1) He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.

2) he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthly struggles

7. metonymy

e.g. …but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.

Unit 10 The Trial that Rocked the World

VII: Rhetorical devices

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1. Metaphor:

No one,... that may case would snowball into...

...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.

The street ...sprouted with ...

He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.

...champion had not scorched the infidels...

…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…

2. Simile:

...swept the arena like a prairie fire

...a palm fan like a sword...

3. Metonymy

...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...

The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.

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4. Hyperbole:

The trial that rocked the world

His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.

5. Ridicule:

Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...

Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.

6. Sarcasm:

There is some doubt about that.

And it is a mighty strong combination.

7. Transferred epithet

Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.

8. Antithesis

The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes

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that he must have come from below.

9. Assonance:

when bigots lighted faggots to burn...

10. Repetition:

The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...

11. synecdoche

1) the case had erupted round my head 12. oxymoron (矛盾修饰法)

Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Unit 11 What’s a Dictionary For?

IV. Rhetorical devices

1. Personification:

The storm...that greeted...

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An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...

The Yew York Times, ...felt it

The Journal ...saw...

2. Alliteration:

...very little light on Lincoln...on Life

3. Sarcasm:

a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.

...\"so simple\" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.

4. Assonance:

The difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ...

5. Synecdoche:

But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...(metonymy)

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What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...

6. Metonymy

The Washington Post, ...\"keep Your Old Webster's\"

in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes...

...very little light on Lincoln...on Life

7. Zeugma:

a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g. John and his driving licence expired last week) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g. with weeping eyes and hearts). Compare with syllepsis. (语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts中）。

The issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority… and the Third as a scandal…

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To wage war and peace

With weeping eyes and hearts

8. metaphor

Life called it a “non-word deluge”

Modern linguistics gets its charter from Leonard Bloomfield’s language (1933)

But if so, he has walked into one of lexicography’s biggest booby traps

And, sure enough, in the definition which raised the Post’s blood pressure 高级英语第一册修辞

Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.

1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.

2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of

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innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)---------- P2,L1.

3) The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L1

4) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… (personification)------P3, L1.

5) It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L1

6) There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)------P15,L2

7) “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)----P15, L2.

8) But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.

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9) Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)

11) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)----P58, L4.

12) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)

13) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.

14) “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)—P62, L4.

15) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)----P62,L4.

16) “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)---P63, L4.

17) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)

18) Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, t

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he arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)

Metaphor:

Mark Twain --- Mirror of America

saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...

main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart

the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States

All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...

Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam

When railroads began drying up the demand...

...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...

Twain began digging his way to regional fame...

Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...

...took unholy verbal shots...

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Simile:

Most American remember M. T. as the father of...

...a memory that seemed phonographic

Hyperbole:

...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...

The cast of characters... - a cosmos.

Parallelism:

Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.

Personification:

life dealt him profound personal tragedies...

the river had acquainted him with ...

...to literature's enduring gratitude...

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...an entry that will determine his course forever...

the grave world smiles as usual...

Bitterness fed on the man...

America laughed with him.

Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.

Antithesis:

...between what people claim to be and what they really are..

...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...

...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever

Euphemism:

...men's final release from earthly struggle

Alliteration:

...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home

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...with a dash and daring...

...a recklessness of cost or consequences...

Metonymy:

...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe

Synecdoche

1. 1. Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce

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