专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-3词汇及课后答案

Unit 3

Language Learning

Word Bank

align: v. to fall into a line成一条线

ambitious adj. full of ambition; greatly (desire->) desirous; eager; requiring;

challenging雄心勃勃的

bottleneck n. the narrow part of a bottle near the top瓶颈

(Certificate->) certify (=prove): v. to confirm; (quantity<->quality->)qualify确认

cohort: n. a group of people一群人; a crowd of people; gang/ band

concrete: 1.adj. actual; specific; real具体的; 2. n. (cement)混凝土

cosmopolitan: world; international: adj.世界的，国际的

curriculum: n. courses offered by an educational institution全部课程

dual: adj. double成双的

elementary (primary): adj. fundamental; basic基础的; chemical~化学元素; elementary

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(primary)school小学

enroll (enlist): v. to enter or register in a roll征兵，招生; enable sb. to do sth.

(execute->)executive: 1.adj. carrying out or executing; (administrate->) administrative; (manage->manager->) managerial执行的，行政的; 2. 首席执行(CEO)

flagship : n. the chief one of a related group王牌，旗舰

geometry: n. one branch of mathematics几何学

(immerse->) immersion: n. covering with water; (submerge->) submerging it浸没; sub-/ sup-: under, e.g. submarine潜水艇;

(indicate=imply->implication) indicative: adj. suggestive指示性的，象征性的

initiate: v. to begin; start首创, 开始

jointly: adv. in common; together共同地，联合地; join in加入

launch: v. to set going; initiate发动，发射

lottery: n. a selection made by lot from a number of applicants or competitors抓阄法，彩票； draw lots抽签

notion: n. a belief or opinion思想，概念 concept/ idea

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paste: v. to adhere粘贴

pipeline: n. a direct channel渠道，管道; smoke a pipe抽烟斗

placement: n. assignment; arrangement布置，编排；place=put；placement test=streaming test分班考试

proponent: n. advocate (n./ vt.); supporter倡导者; pro-: 1. forward; 2. officially

recruit: v. to enroll; to enlist征募，招收

secondary: adj. not primary; minor; lesser第二的，次等的; secondary school中专/ 中学; high school

stint: n. task; limitation; restriction定额，

(substance->) substantial: adj. material; true or real; ample (enough); (consider->) considerable物质的，真实的，相当多的a substantial meal丰盛的饭

triangle: n. the plane figure formed by connecting three points三角形；tri-：

underwrite: v. to assume (=take responsibility) financial responsibility for同意承担的…费用

(virtue->) virtually: adv. in fact; practically; nearly; almost实际上，几乎；virtual：adj. 1.虚拟的2. 实际的3.道德的

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Phrases and Expressions

be in a position: be able to能够; be ready to do sth./ be willing to do sth.; pose->posing picture

come by: to gain; to acquire/ get 获得

from scratch: from the very beginning 从头开始，

(give sb. a hand=) give sb. a leg up: to help improve the situation of帮某人改善状况

(respond->) in response to: in answer to回应，响应

take off: to achieve wide use or popularity广泛使用，大受欢迎; put on<->take off. E.g. ~one’s clothes; the plane will soon ~.

(on the way#) under way: in operation; in progress进行中，启动; a bridge under building正在建设中的桥梁

Reading Comprehension

I. Choose the best for each of the following.

1. Paris Buedel does all of the following except __C___.

A. taking basketball lessons B. playing the piano

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C. going to art classes D. learning Chinese

2. \"The opposite trend\" in Para. 3 probably means that ___B__.

A. Americans begin to oppose other countries

B. Americans begin to learn languages of other countries

C. Americans have international content in their life

D. Americans realize the usefulness of Mandarin

3. According to Thomas Matts __A___.

A. hundreds of secondary schools were able to offer courses in Chinese language and literature

B. since the Soviet Union launched Sputnik people haven't seen any interest in Russian

C. advanced curriculum and exam in Chinese were required

D. people are having more interest in Chinese than Russian

4. Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago said: \"I think there will be two languages in this world. There will be Chinese and English.\" His words imply that __C___.

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A. Chinese and English will be the only languages in the future

B. China and America will be the only important states in the future

C. Chinese and English will be the most important languages in the future

D. Chinese and English will make other languages extinct

5. Which of the following is the obstruction of expanding Chinese instruction in U.S. schools? ( A )

A. It is difficult to find qualified teachers and teaching materials.

B. It is hard to find an active ally in the Chinese government.

C. Chinese government didn't help sponsor the Chicago program and new Advanced Placement exam.

D. There is not an agreement on building Chinese language programs in 2,000 public schools over the next five years.

II. Complete the following (sum up) summary (->summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.

Paris Buedel, a typical American 8-year-old (boy), is (1) enrolled in a \"dual immersion\" program for doing lessons in both English and Chinese. The program is indicative of (show)

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one of the fastest-growing (2) curriculum trends in U. S. schools: the study of Chinese. The interest in Chinese language and culture has (3) taken off in the past few years. Parents and students think that learning Chinese may give them a leg up later in life because (4) Mandarin is spoken by more people than any other languages, and they appreciate the importance of China in the (5) global culture, politics and economy. The program of studying Chinese can be found in primary, secondary schools and at colleges and universities in (rural<->urban=) metropolitan areas like Chicago and in some towns like Glenwood and Chapel Hill. However, the biggest (6) obstacle to expanding Chinese instruction in U.S. schools is finding qualified teachers, for the federal No Child Left Behind legislation requires all teachers to be (7) certified. Finding suitable teaching materials is another bottleneck. They can't use materials from China because the curriculums are not (8) aligned (=same). Despite (=In spite of) all the difficulties, proponents are finding an active ally (cooperation) in the Chinese government. It helps (9) underwrite (take up some responsibility) the program and new Advanced Placement exam and has a new agreement with the College Board to build (set up/ establish) Chinese language programs in 2,000 public schools over the next five years. Moreover, the U.S. Department of Education and the Ministry of Education in Beijing have (10) cooperated to create Chengo (实用汉语), an online games-based program for beginning Chinese.

Vocabulary

I . Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.

1. Thomas holds a belief (=believes) in the ___A__ nature of reality. [believe sb.相信某人的话；believe in sb.=trust sb.信赖某人; believe in sth.持有某种信仰]

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A. dual B. both

C. either D. twin (孪生子)

2. I think that the Christian baptism (洗礼) is by complete ___B__ of the person in water.

A. (immense巨大的->) immensity

B. immersion

C. immorality不道德 [immortal不朽]

D. immaturity不成熟

3. Man has a(n) __B___ need for love and (nurture->) nurturing (养育). nurture<->education

A. easy B. elementary(=basic)

C. submerging(没入) D. direct (adj.直接的; vt.指引方向)

4. This building represents the post-modernist __C___ in architecture. (arch-/ arc-:穹顶); bishop->archbishop

A. mark B. trench壕沟/ 战壕

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C. (social) trend趋势 D. (personal) tendency趋向

5. One common Chinese __D___ is that the elders ought to be respected.

[respect: vt./n.尊敬；respectable值得尊敬的；respectful毕恭毕敬的；respective各自的]

A. notice

B. idea

C. (object to) objection 反对

D. notion

6. This was the moment (time) when Spielberg's (job->) career (事业/生涯) really __D___.

A. kept off保持距离

B. cut off切断

C. got off从…下来

D. took off开始/ 起飞

7. For low income families, mortgages (抵押贷款) are hard to __A___.

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A. come by (=get) B. come in

C. come back D. come over

8. He was appointed (任命) as the director to __B___ a team of investigators. [invest投资]

A. overlook忽略(vt.) B. supervise监督(vt.)

C. check (n./vt.)支票/审查/监控 D. supply (vt./n.)供应

9. The company __C___ the new perfume (香水) with prime-time commercials (commercial advertisements) on the major networks (网络). [be at one’s prime time正当年]

A. started B. began C. launched D. initiated

10. You'll meet the same word again in a __A___ different context (上下文/ 语境).

A. slightly B. (delicate精巧的->delicacy美食) delicately

C. lightly D. rarely=hardly, seldom/ scarcely几乎不

II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

under way

in response to

virtually

ambitious

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substantial concrete proponent jointly

from scratch initiate

secondary

paste

recruit be in a position to executive

1. Despite (In spite of) some slight recovery, the world economic crisis is still under way.

2. My husband holds a position as the executive director (行政主管) of a drama troupe (group剧团).

3. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit (transportation运输) strike.

4. He then attempted (=tried) something more ambitious, a novel of 200,000 words.

5. He started from scratch when he came to America. 6. Ministry of Education introduced (引进) more flexible (灵活机动的) policy for colleges to recruit minority students.

7. Buying cars in the second-hand market, you are in a position to bargain (make a bargain讨价还价).

8. The lawyer was confident to win the case, for he had the concrete evidence needed to convict (vt.证明...有罪;n.罪犯).

9. Barack Obama won 2008 presidential election by a substantial margin (=gap).

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10. The (price<->) prize was given to a young proponent on women's education in Kenya for his work to ensure (make sure that…/ see to it that…确保…得以实现) the rights of citizenship of women.

Part II Translation

Put the following paragraphs into Chinese.

Paris is enrolled in a \"dual immersion\" program at the Glenwood Elementary School here in which the pupils-half native Chinese, half English speakers—do their lessons in two languages. The program is indicative of one of the fastest-growing curriculum trends in U.S. schools: the study of Chinese.

\"Americans are used to hearing about people in other countries learning English. Now we're seeing the opposite trend,\" said Michael Levine, executive director of the Asia Society, which promotes international content in U.S. schools. \"Parents and students are deciding that, since more people speak Mandarin than any other language, it might be a useful skill to have.\"

参考译文：

帕里斯参加了格兰乌德小学的“双语浸入式”项目，这个项目里的学生有一半的母语是汉语，有一半是英语，他们用两种语言上课。从这个项目可以看出美国学校里发展最迅速的一门课程：汉语学习。

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“美国人习惯听到西他国家的人学习英语，现在我们看到了相反的趋势。”亚洲协会的执行会长迈克尔. 莱温说，该组织在美国学校里推行国际教学内容，“父母和学生们认为既然说汉语的人比任何其它语言多，那掌握汉语可能是一项有用的技能。”

Exercise

Rewrite the following sentences by using passive voice.

1. We must pay more attention to (tone->) intonation in learning pronunciation.

2. His successful fight against inflation had reinforced his competence (=ability) as an economist.

3. They are using secure (safe/ reliable) Internet connection to intensify relations with some of their trading partners.

4. The administration has kept the cause of the incidence off the air in the radio.

5. The teacher always makes (force sb. to do sth.) the girl answer many difficult questions in class.

6. These questions will arouse (唤醒) a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world. [A be superior / inferior to B]

7. We cannot exchange (alter->change) such goods which customers have bought during the (sell-sold-sold->) sale.

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8. His father took no notice of (pay no attention to sb.) him but his sister made much of (thinks highly sb.对…评价很高) him.

9. After the meeting, both men described this (negotiate->) negotiation as frank, friendly and (destructive<->) constructive.

10. We didn't believe that he could hit the target. [aim at->shoot->hit<->miss]

参：

1. More attention must be paid to intonation in learning pronunciation.

2. His competence as an economist had been reinforced by his successful fight against inflation.

3. Secure Internet connection is being used to intensify relations with some of their trading partners.

4. The cause of the incidence has been kept off the air in the radio by the administration.

5. The girl is always made to answer many difficult questions in class.

6. A challenge will be aroused to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.

7. Such goods which customers have bought during the sale can not be exchanged.

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8. He was taken no notice of by his father but was made of by his sister.

9. After the meeting, this negotiation was described as frank, friendly and constructive by both men.

10. It wasn’t believed that he could hit the target.

Exercise

Turn the following sentences into Chinese.

1. Robin Hood (罗宾汉) often looted (robbed) the rich and helped the poor. 2. Ice (->icy) is not as dense (密度高的) as water and it therefore floats.

3. They have not done so well (idea->ideology->) ideologically (意识形态方面, 缺少新意), however, as (organ-> organize-> organization-> organizational) organizationally (组织方面).

4. It was a clear and unemotional (objective<->subjective) （expose->be exposed to sth.接触）exposition (说明) of the President's reasons for willing (愿意) to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.

5. Independent thinking is an absolute (necessary->) necessity in study. [depend on sth.=rely on sb./ sth.依赖]

参考译文：

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1. 罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。

2. 冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。

3. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。

4. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

5．思考对学习是绝对必需的。

Bonus

Below are some expressions about education.

(vacation#) vocational education职业教育

compulsory education义务教育；compulsory subject必修课

(universe->) universal education通用教育

adult education成教

correspondence school函授学校

compulsory course必修课

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(option=choice) optional course选修课

expand enrollment扩招

targeted-area student定向生

planned enrollment计划内招生

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