英语语言学复习题

英语语言学复习题

I 单选题（10道题，每题1分）

1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for \"correct\" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.

A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic

2. Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.

A. mouth B. lips C.tongue D. vocal cords

3. The morpheme \"vision\" in the common word \"television\" is a(n) ___.

A. bound morpheme

B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free morpheme

4. A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause.

A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator

5. \"Can I borrow your bike?\" ___ \"You have a bike.\"

A. is synonymous with

B. is inconsistent with

C. entails

D. presupposes

6. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A. semantics B. pragmatics C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics

7. Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.

A. elaboration B. simplification

C. external borrowing D. internal borrowing

8. ___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A. Lingua franca B. Creole C. Pidgin D. Standard language

9. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus

B. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

A. learning B. competence C. performance D. acquisition

11 Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.

A. a particular language

B. the English language

C. human languages in general

D. the system of a particular language

12.The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.

A. voiceless, bilabial, stop

B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative

C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative

13. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix \"ed\" in the word \"learned\" is known as a(n) __________.

A. derivational morpheme

B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free form

14. In the phrase structure rule \"S→NP VP\

A. is equal to B. consists of

C. has D. generates

15. \"I bought some roses\" __________ \"I bought some flowers\".

A. entails B. presupposes

C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with

16. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.

X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?

A. quality B. quantity

C. relation D. manner

17. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.

A. phrases B. sentences

C. morphemes D. utterances

18. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.

A. socially B. linguistically

C. culturally D. pragmatically

19. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.

A. language and speech

B. visual and spatial skills

C. reading and writing

D. analytic reasoning

20. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.

A. babbling B. one-word

C. two-word D. multiword

II．填空题（10道题，每题2分）

1. Chomsky defines \"competence\" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.

2. The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .

3. M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

4. A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.

5. Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c synonyms.

6. The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

7. Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .

8. Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black

English can d the form of \"be\".

9. The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.

10. As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f before they can do anything else.

12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s rules.

13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f___________ morpheme.

14. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as \"and\

15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s . 16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are

expected to observe is called the C principle proposed by J. Grice.

17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t across generations.

18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.

19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as \"s speech,\" and speech as \"overt thought.\" In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously.

20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.

III．判断题（共10题，每题1分）

( ) 1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

( ) 2. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.

( ) 3. The compound word \"bookstore\" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.

( ) 4. Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.

( ) 5. Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.

( ) 6. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.

( ) 7. The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

( ) 8. In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.

( ) 9. According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

( ) 10 All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.

( ) 11. An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the \"best authors\" for language usage.

( ) 12. In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.

( ) 13. We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.

( ) 14 Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their recursive properites.

( ) 15. The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought.

( ) 16. Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.

( ) 17. In first language acquisition children's grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language.

( ) 18. The sentences \"He crazy\" and \"He be sick all the time\" are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black English.

( ) 19. Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and

recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.

( ) 20. Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development.

IV．名词解释（6道题，每题5分）

1. duality

2. diachronic linguistics

3. broad transcription

4. morphological rules

5. phrase structure rule

6. relational opposites

7. synchronic linguistics

8. displacement

9. a minimal pair

10. derivational affixes

11. language transfer

12. hyponymy

V．问答题（2道题，每题10分）

1. Discuss in detail the locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. Illustrate them with examples.

2. Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of

a second language.

3. How does the flouting of the maxims give rise to conversational implicatures?

① A: Do you know where Mr. Smith lives?

B: Somewhere in the southern suburbs of the city.

② A: Would you like to come to our party tonight?

B: I'm afraid I' m not feeling so well today.

③ A: The hostess is an awful bore. Don't you think?

B: The roses in the garden are beautiful, aren't they?

④ A: Shall we get something for the kids?

B: Yes. But I veto I - C - E - C - R - E - A - M.

4. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.