土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering

development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位

construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩

steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金

masonry 砌体（工程） reinforced ~ 配筋砌体 load-bearing ~ 承重砌体 unreinforced ~非配筋砌体

permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力 plywood 胶合板

retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修

finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风

diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙

villa 别墅

moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩

stress 应力 normal ~ 法向应力 shear ~ 剪应力

strain 应变

age hardening 时效硬化

air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 almery壁厨，贮藏室

anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝

architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水

workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃

tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃 foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青

felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接

screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学

formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料

slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石

construction joint 施工缝

honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基

box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯 electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯

Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ

Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E

safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏

bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力 bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋

reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板

single way slab单向板

window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护

watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥

separating of concrete混凝土离折 segregation of concrete

mortar 砂浆 ~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱

fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖 terra cotta 琉璃瓦 mosaic 马赛克

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克， ceramic mosaic tile

ceramic tile 瓷砖 rubble wall毛石墙 marble 大理石,大理岩 granite 花岗石,花岗岩

ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土 real estate房地产

reinforcement bar 钢筋 veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层

reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率 reinforcement percentage

reinforcing work钢筋工程 residential building居住建筑 rigid foundation刚性基础

roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园

roof live load 屋面活荷载

rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石 sand cushion砂垫层

saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗 scaffold 脚手架 sill窗台

silty soil粉质土 single door单扇门 double door双扇门

single reinforcemen单筋t sliding door推拉门

sliding window水平推拉窗 staircase楼梯间

stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手 stair step楼梯踏步 stair string (er)楼梯梁

stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom steel forms钢模板 store room贮藏室

structural drawings结构图 soft substratum软弱下卧层 sun louver 遮阳板 supporting block 支座 supporting layer持力层

tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋 tensile steel, tension reinforcement terrace roof 平屋顶 thermal insulation隔热 through ventilation穿堂风

timber structure 木结构wood structure toilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池 tracing paper描图纸 lawn 草坪

treatment of elevation立面处理 drawing board 绘图板

triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验 tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架 uniformly distributed load均布荷载

unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋 urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽 valley天沟

ventilating skylight 通风天窗

waterproof barrier 防水层aquatard

Terzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论

Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论 foundation treatment 地基处理 foundation pressure 基底压力 span 跨度

specific gravity比重

quicklime生石灰,氧化钙 hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰 hydration 水化作用 plaster of Paris熟石膏

portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥

portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥 portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥 portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥 gas-foaming admixture发泡剂 retarding admixture缓凝剂 water-reducing agent减水剂 air-entrained agent 加气剂 slump坍落度

water-cement ratio水灰比w/c

architectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明 architectural perspective建筑透视图 architectural section 建筑剖面图 architectural specifications建筑规范

architectural working drawing 建筑施工图 architecture sketch建筑草图 arc welding 电弧焊

stress concentration 应力集中 multi storied building 多层建筑 settlement of foundation 地基沉降 tensile strength抗拉强度

compressive strength抗压强度 bending strength抗弯强度

construction material 建筑材料building material

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

continuous beam连续梁

tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊

SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验 wall between two windows窗间墙 stability稳定性

stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram应力-应变图 damp-proof coating防潮层 osmosis渗透

osmotic co-efficient渗透系数 osmotic pressure渗透压力

finite element method 有限单无法 finite-difference method有限差分法 finite slice method 条分法 deformation 变形 displacement位移

allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力

total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差 Mohr’s circle of stress 摩尔应力圆 snow laod雪(荷)载

bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋 bent steel 弯起钢筋 bent-up bar 弯起钢筋 bid 投标，标书 bid call招标 bid opening开标 bidding sheet 标价单

bid price 出价，投标价格

binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋

blocking course檐口墙，女儿墙 parapet (wall) bloodwood 红木redwood brick lintel 砖砌过梁

brick masonry structure 砖石结构 BRKT =bracket 牛腿 building height 建筑高度

building industrialization建筑工业化 building-in fitting 预埋件 building law 建筑法 building line 建筑红线 building module 建筑模数

building orientation 建筑物朝向

building permits for construction建筑施工执照 building equipment 建筑设备 building physics建筑物理 building rubble 建筑垃圾

building storm sewer 房屋雨水管 built –in cupboard 壁厨 cable structure 悬索结构

cable-supported construction悬索结构 canopy雨篷

cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土 cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土 caterpillar crane 履带式起重机 cavity brick空心砖 cavity wall空心墙

ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板 cement floor水泥地面 cement mortar水泥砂浆

center-to-center中心距(中到中间距) chain-pull switch拉线开关 cromatics色彩学

city planning城市规划 civil architecture民用建筑 civil building民用建筑 civil engineering土木工程 clay brick粘土砖 clerestory天窗

clerestory windows高侧窗 closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间

coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loess collar tie beam 圈梁

combination beam 组合梁

combination construction 混合结构 shear wall 剪力墙

shear strength 抗剪强度 transom （门上的）亮子

bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋 beam 梁

framework 框架 truss桁架

statically determinate ~ 静定桁架 statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架 elasticity弹性 plasticity塑性 stiffness刚度 fiexibility挠度

bending moment弯矩 ~ diagram 弯矩图 ~ envelope弯矩包络线 influence line 影响线 aggregate 骨料 coarse ~ 粗骨料 fine ~ 细骨料 admixture外加剂

concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机 paint 油漆 density密度

viscosity粘度，粘滞性

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

geology地质

earth pressure 土压力 active ~ 主动土压力 coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂

artificial daylight人工采光 artificial illumination人工照明 art of architecture建筑艺术 seismatic design 抗震设计 back view 背立面 balcony阳台

balustrade 栏杆，扶手

bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架 band iron扁铁，扁钢 bar cutter钢筋切断机 bar list钢筋表

bar spacing钢筋间距 base board踢脚板 basic module基本模数

BC=building code建筑法规

beam-and-column construction梁柱结构（框架结构）

beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构 beam-and-slab construction梁板结构

beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam

beam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beam

beam with fixed ends 固端梁 bending stiffness弯曲刚度 bending strength抗弯强度 bending stress弯曲应力 bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋

commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑 commercial buildings商业建筑物,商业房屋 compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土 compacted soil压实土

compaction by layers分层填土夯实 compaction by rolling 碾压

compaction by vibration振动压实 compartmentation隔断

completion acceptance竣工验收 completion date 竣工日期 compression bar 受压钢筋 compression steel受压钢筋 concealed work 隐蔽工程 conductor 水落管

construction administration 施工管理 constructional drawing 施工图,构造图 construction and installation work 建筑安装工程 construction company 建筑公司 construction economics建筑经济 construction industry建筑(工)业 construction in process 在建工程

construction management plan 施工组织设计 construction period施工工期 construction site 施工现场 creep 徐变,蠕变 cross wall横墙 dark room暗室

design development phase 技术设计阶段 design scheme设计方案

detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图 development area 开发区

digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tank distributed load分布荷载 distributing bars 分布钢筋

distribution reinforcement分布钢筋 BL=dead load 恒载,自重

dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turn domestic building居住房屋,住宅 door window落地窗 dormitory宿舍

downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leader

drip line 滴水线 dunny厕所,盥洗室

earthquake intensity地震烈度 earthquake load 地震荷载

earthquake resistant design抗震设计 earthwork土石方工程

earthwork quantity土方工程量 eave 屋檐

effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度 enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖

engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探 expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature joint

factory building厂房

figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glass fixed window固定窗 flat skylight平天窗

flexible foundation 柔性基础 floor load楼面荷载 floor plan楼屋平面图

floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高 floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

story height层高

farmed steel 型钢shape(d) steel foundation beam 基础梁 foundation bed 基础垫层 gable 出墙 ~ wall

galvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮

general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图 general layout 总平面图,总体布置

glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢

glued board 胶合板

gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石pebble gravel, pebble stone

ground engineering地基工程 ground floor plan底层平面图

groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic (water ) surface

gutter明沟,天沟 rain-gutter檐沟,天沟 hair 麻刀hemp mixed sand 混合砂

mechanics of materials 材料力学 theoretical mechanics 理论力学 elastic mechanics弹性力学 structural mechanics结构力学 architectural mechanics建筑力学 fracture mechanics断裂力学 soil mechanics土力学 rock mechanics岩石力学 fluid mechanics流体力学 abrasive floor防滑地板

accelerated cement 快凝水泥 accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂

acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收

acceptance of tender得标

acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收 access eye 清扫孔，检查孔 access hole 检修孔

access plate 检修孔盖板

accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风 acid 酸 alkali碱

acoustical insulation 隔声 red cray 红粘土adamic earth adhesive bitumen primer冷底子油

administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理

aerial ledder消防梯

non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall norm for detailed estimates 预算定额 norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额

norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额 norm for estimating material requirements材料定额 open ditch 明沟open trench outside finish 外装修

partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断 pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂 pipeline gas 管道煤气 plastic hinge 塑性铰 plinth (wall)勒脚 pointing (joints)勾缝

pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙 porch 门廊,走廊 pore water 孔隙水

post-tensioning method后张法

precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁

precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋

monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋

prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土 pretensioning method先张法

protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网 public building公共建筑

public comfort station 公共厕所public convenience

pump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concrete halfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platform hallway门厅,过道 hemp thread麻丝

high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店 hip 屋脊线

hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋 hull core structure筒体结构 inside finish内装修

jalousie window 百叶窗, louver window

junior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girder main beam 主梁primary beam, primary girder kick strip 踢脚 step踏步

L & CM=lime and cement mortar石灰水泥砂浆 lintol (门窗)过梁lintel longitudinal bar纵向钢筋 low-rise building低层建筑

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆 LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)r mastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料 membrane curing薄膜养护 metallic tape钢卷尺 metal window钢窗 mid-span moment跨中弯矩 mix(ing) proportion 配合比,混合比mix(ing) ratio mopboard踢脚板 mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window